喹啉季铵盐絮凝-缓蚀剂FNQ-C的制备及其性能研究

本文研究了天然高分子改性喹啉季铵盐型阳离子絮凝-缓蚀剂FNQ-C的制备,确定了其最佳制备反应条件;考察了FNQ-C在模拟循环冷却水中的絮凝、缓蚀性能.絮凝实验表明FNQ-C的絮凝净水效果优于国产阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂PAM-C,挂片腐蚀实验表明FNQ-C的缓蚀性能与国产商品缓蚀剂EDTMP相当.实验亦证实FNQ-C的缓蚀用药量与其絮凝净化用药量相容,可以一次投药同步满足絮凝、缓蚀两种水质要求.     

炼油废碱液的综合利用

炼油废碱液是石油加工过程中采用氢氧化钠溶液吸收硫化氢、碱洗油品产生的含硫废碱液和含环烷酸钠废碱液。通过研究 ,综述了炼油废碱液的利用技术主要有熬制工业硫化碱、结晶提取Na2S、废碱液造纸制浆、沉淀法再生废碱液和中和法回收环烷酸等。试验发现 ,Fe2O3、ZnO等沉淀剂对有机硫几乎无脱除效果 ,处理后碱液仍散发出恶臭味。经过大量试验和选择 ,采用CuO作沉淀剂 ,不仅沉淀了S2 - ,而且RS -也得以氧化 ,并发现滤渣对残余有机硫有强烈的吸附作用 ,得到了无色、无臭的再生碱液。     

水中微量甲基膦酸类化合物的树脂富集与GC／MS分析

本文使用三种阴离子交换树脂（即大孔弱碱型Ｄ－３０１－Ｒ,强碱型Ｄ－２９６,２０１Ｘ７）柱对水中微量甲基膦酸类化合物的富集方法进行了研究。含磷毒剂降解产物的水样用气相色谱／质谱法进行定性定量分析。结果表明,Ｄ－３０１－Ｒ阴离子交换树脂柱对甲基膦酸的富集回收率高于６０％。     

扩散管差分法测定大气中氨和颗粒物铵盐

本文用扩散管差分法和多种叠层滤膜法大气中颗的铵盐和气态氨,扩散管关分法可以有铲分离测量颗粒物铵盐和气态氨,避免了采样时惰性上颗粒物硝酸铵分解的人为影响。     

Phosphorus recovery from fosfomycin pharmaceutical wastewater by wet air oxidation and phosphate crystallization

Fosfomycin pharmaceutical wastewater contains highly concentrated and refractory antibiotic organic phosphorus (OP) compounds. Wet air oxidation (WAO)-phosphate crystallization process was developed and applied to fosfomycin pharmaceutical wastewater pretreatment and phosphorus recovery. Firstly, WAO was used to transform concentrated and refractory OP substances into inorganic phosphate (IP). At 200 °C, 1.0 MPa and pH 11.2, 99% total OP (TOP) was transformed into IP and 58% COD was reduced. Subsequently, the WAO effluent was subjected to phosphate crystallization process for phosphorus recovery. At Ca/P molar ratio 2.0:1.0 or Mg/N/P molar ratio 1.1:1.0:1.0, 99.9% phosphate removal and recovery were obtained and the recovered products were proven to be hydroxyapatite and struvite, respectively. After WAO-phosphate crystallization, the BOD/COD ratio of the wastewater increased from 0 to more than 0.5, which was suitable for biological treatment. The WAO-phosphate crystallization process was proven to be an effective method for phosphorus recovery and for fosfomycin pharmaceutical wastewater pretreatment.     

共存杂质对磷酸铵镁结晶法回收磷的影响研究

研究用磷酸铵镁（MAP）结晶法去除、回收废水中的磷,分析含磷废水中各类共存杂质对MAP法去除、回收磷的影响。结果表明,废水中无机钙离子的存在可提高磷的去除率,而大分子有机物杂质的存在会使磷的去除率显著降低,小分子有机物对磷的去除基本无影响。在反应体系中引入外来晶种烟煤、石英砂和铁屑可显著提高低浓度含磷废水磷的去除效率,其中娴煤作为晶种的效果最明显。     

In situ measurements of concentrations of Cd, Co, Fe and Mn in estuarine porewater using DGT

Vertical profiles of metals were measured by the in situ application of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films). Well-defined laboratory systems ensured the good reproducibility and precision DGT accumulated metals on a chelex resin after diffusional transport through a layer of hydrogel. Three kinds of DGT probes (with three thicknesses of diffusive gel: 0.40 mm, 0.80 mm and 1.92 mm) measured interfacial concentration and induced flux from solid to solution phase which had intricate variations with depth. The DGT induced flux and interfacial concentration of four metals belonged to “partially sustained” state, indicating a labile equilibrium of metals between solid phase and porewater. The concentration profiles showed the good correlation between Mn and Co and peak concentrations of Mn and Fe between −2.00 cm and −5.25 cm with depth.     

锌合金工业白烟治理的实验研究

填料塔洗涤吸收净化工艺在化工领域和低浓度工业废气净化方面均能很好地发挥作用.以水为吸收剂,应用填料塔对锌合金白烟进行吸收操作,试验结果显示:锌白烟的主要成分是氯化铵烟尘,其粒径在1μm以下,极不易溶于水,导致该工艺对氯化铵烟尘的处理效率仅在70%左右.烟气中氯化氢和氨气的浓度较低,经过处理已经达到排放标准.尽管氯化铵烟尘的处理效率低于预期,但实验研究对锌合金白烟的治理仍有重要的指导意义.     

氨法在烧结烟气脱硫中的应用

在钢铁工业排放的污染物中,烧结烟气中的二氧化硫和焦化废氨水等都是难以处理的污染物。利用焦化废氨水吸收烧结烟气中SO2的氨一硫铵工艺具有脱硫率高、运行可靠、投资低、副产品可以回收等优点,在脱硫的同时也去除了焦化废水中的氨污染,是一种以废治废、有应用前景的新方法。本文介绍了采用焦化废氨水吸收烧结烟气中的SO2的治污方法原理,并对其工艺流程、特点及运行费用等作了分析。     

控制排水条件下土壤氮素的运移

为研究暗管控制排水与非控制排水条件下, 不同排水出口控制高度对土壤中氮素分布和迁移的影响, 在湖北省荆州市四湖工程管理局丫角排灌试验站进行了野外试验。试验结果表明, 无论采取控制排水与否, 土壤垂直剖面上硝态氮浓度均有一致的变化规律： 20 cm处浓度最高, 在40~60 cm浓度急剧减小, 60~80 cm浓度值很小（1 mg/kg左右）; 控制排水对土壤硝态氮的减小率有显著影响, 表现在控制水位越高, 土层间硝态氮减小率最大; 控制排水能降低表层土壤硝态氮的迁移; 铵态氮与硝态氮迥然不同, 无论采取控制排水与否, 铵态氮在土壤垂直剖面上的含量变化不大; 控制排水对铵态氮的含量也有一定的影响, 表现在控制排水位越低, 土壤中铵态氮的含量越小.