树脂吸附法回收母液中土霉素的实验研究

研究了D061大孔强酸性阳离子交换树脂从土霉素生产母液中吸附土霉素的性能,并分析了相关影响因素。结果表明,该树脂对土霉素有良好的吸附性能,符合Langmuir吸附模型。在pH=2、钠型条件下,吸附容量高达122.4mg/g干树脂;用氨水脱附,脱附率可达95%;实验表明,母液中铵根的存在,对树脂交换容量有较大的影响。     

西辽河流域沙土对氨氮的吸附行为研究

采用小型回填式土柱动态吸附实验方法研究了西辽河流域沙土对氨氮的吸附行为。结果表明,西辽河流域沙土对氨氮的吸附行为符合Freundlich吸附等温式和Langmuir吸附等温式,最优模型为Langmuir吸附方程;西辽河流域沙土对氨氮的饱和吸附量在573.81～3 666.16 mg/kg之间,平均为1 733.83 mg/kg。吸附分配系数k在3.13～524.55之间,平均为93.47;沙土对氨氮的吸附方式以化学吸附为主,解吸可逆性较弱。被吸附的氨氮解吸淋失的环境风险较小;沙土氨氮饱和吸附量与土壤有机质含量、粘粒含量和粗粘粒含量呈极显著正相关,影响程度顺序为:有机质含量>粘粒含量>粗粘粒含量;不同利用结构沙土的氨氮饱和吸附量:林地(2 053.87 mg/kg)>农田(1 990.40 mg/kg)>草地(1 356.37 mg/kg)>沙荒地(813.30 mg/kg);农田、林地和草地结构由于土壤有机质和团聚体含量较高,对氨氮的固持能力较强,氨氮流失的环境风险较小,沙荒地结构对氨氮的固持能力最弱。氨氮流失的环境风险最大。     

高炉瓦斯灰(泥)中锌的萃取利用

我国南方数家钢铁厂瓦斯灰(泥)中含有具有利用价值ZnO。本法以瓦斯灰(泥)为原料,不需前期加工,用NH4Cl作萃取剂提取Zn制取活性ZnO。本法条件温和,较传统的酸法消耗少,腐蚀小,萃取剂可回用,所以成本低廉,加之国家有关优惠政策,使用本法利用瓦斯灰(泥)有较大的优势。     

生物脱氮新技术在低碳氮比废水中的应用

传统生物脱氮工艺对废水脱氮起到了重要作用,但仍存在许多问题.如氨氮完全硝化需消耗大量的氧,增加了动力消耗.对低C/N比低的废水,还需外加碳源,工艺流程长,占地面积大,基建投资高等,本文阐述了同步硝化反硝化、短程硝化反硝化及厌氧氨氧化等生物脱氮新技术的特点及存在的问题,并提出了今后的研究方向.     

Effect of dissolved organic matter on nitrate-nitrogen removal by anion exchange resin and kinetics studies

The effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the removal of nitrate-nitrogen from the model contaminated water have been investigated utilizing the strong base anion exchange resins. With the increase of gallic acid concentration from 0 to 400 mg/L, the adsorption amount of nitrate-nitrogen on the commercial resins, including D201, Purolite A 300 (A300) and Purolite A 520E (A520E), would significantly decrease. However, the presence of tannin acid has little impact on nitrate-nitrogen adsorption on them. Compared to D201 and A300 resins, A520E resin exhibited more preferable adsorption ability toward nitrate-nitrogen in the presence of competing organic molecules, such as gallic acid and tannin acid at greater levels in aqueous solution. Attractively, the equilibrium data showed that the adsorption isotherm of nitrate-nitrogen on A520E resin was in good agreement with Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The rate parameters for the intra particle diffusion have been estimated for the different initial concentrations. In batch adsorption processes, nitrate-nitrogen diffuse in porous adsorbent and rate process usually depends on t 1/2 rather than the contact time. The pseudo first- and the second-order kinetic models fit better for nitrate-nitrogen adsorption onto A520E resin. The observations reported herein illustrated that A520E resin will be an excellent adsorbent for enhanced removal of nitrate-nitrogen from contaminated groundwater.     

厌氧铁氨氧化处理模拟垃圾渗滤液的影响因素研究

厌氧条件下,微生物将NH~+_4-N氧化和Fe~(3+)还原的反应称为厌氧铁氨氧化(Feammox).试验以处理垃圾渗滤液的厌氧氨氧化污泥(ANAMMOX)为接种污泥驯化Feammox污泥,研究了不同NH~+_4-N及Fe~(3+)浓度对Feammox系统的影响,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了Feammox系统不同运行阶段的污泥形态特征.结果表明:在厌氧序批式反应器中,在常温条件下控制进水NH~+_4-N浓度为50 mg·L~(-1)、pH在7.4～7.6之间,经过88 d厌氧富集培养后NH~+_4-N最大转化率达到52.73%,最大转化量为28.37 mg·L~(-1),出水Fe~(2+)浓度随着运行时间的增加逐渐增加,最高浓度为2.87 mg·L~(-1).高浓度NH~+_4-N(400 mg·L~(-1))和Fe~(3+)(500 mg·L~(-1))条件下,氨氮转化量分别达到了40.69 mg·L~(-1)和29.23 mg·L~(-1),说明高进水基质条件下仍然有Feammox反应发生.低浓度NH~+_4-N(100 mg·L~(-1))和Fe~(3+)(50 mg·L~(-1))条件下,NH~+_4-N转化量与Fe~(2+)生成量的线性关系较强,R~2分别为0.86544和0.86034.通过SEM分析可得,Feammox污泥表面附着有不规则矿物,这些矿物沉积在微生物细胞表面阻碍传质,从而降低微生物代谢效率.     

INT-ETS活性及AUR和SOUR表征污泥活性的比较

为探索快速评价重金属对污泥活性抑制情况的方法,通过投加不同体积的重金属溶液进行活性污泥培养试验,研究Cd2+、Zn2+和Cr6+对活性污泥降解NH₄+-N和COD_Cr的影响,并分别采用INT-ETS(碘硝基四氮唑脱氢酶)活性、AUR(氨摄取速率)和SOUR(比耗氧速率)3个指标分析污泥活性受重金属抑制的情况. 结果表明:重金属对活性污泥去除NH₄+-N的抑制作用比去除有机物的抑制作用更加显著,说明硝化细菌比异养菌对重金属的毒害作用更为敏感,并且NH₄+-N去除率比COD_Cr去除率更能反映出重金属对污泥活性的影响. 通过NH₄+-N去除率的抑制情况对比发现,AUR是最能有效地用于表征重金属对微生物活性毒害作用的指标. 对于Cd2+,INT-ETS活性的EC₅₀最小,为19.164 mg/L,灵敏度最高,是表征Cd2+抑制污泥活性的最佳指标;对于Zn2+和Cr6+,AUR的EC₅₀最小,分别为40.691和27.117 mg/L,灵敏度最高,是表征Zn2+和Cr6+抑制污泥活性的最佳指标. 由3种重金属的EC₅₀可以判断其毒性大小为Cd2+>Cr6+>Zn6+.      

长江中下游浅水湖泊沉积物固定态铵特征及影响因素

研究了长江中下游浅水湖泊10个沉积物对氨氮固定的动力学和热力学特征,沉积物固定态铵含量与其理化参数的相关关系.结果表明:①湖泊沉积物对氨氮的固定具有相似的变化趋势,总体上均具有快反应和慢反应2个过程.在0～10 min内,各沉积物对氨氮的固定量均较大,快反应主要发生在前10 min内.而在10 min之后,沉积物对氨氮的固定量逐渐减小,12 h后基本达到平衡.②湖泊沉积物对氨氮固定的热力学等温线符合Langmuir方程.10个沉积物的本底固定态铵含量(w(NFN))、最大固铵量(Q_max)和固铵容量(w(NFN)+Q_max)分别为157.73～462.74,35.58～348.45和201.17～748.94 mg/kg.③湖泊沉积物的本底固定态铵含量、最大固铵量均与固铵容量有极显著正相关关系.本底固定态铵含量与TN,TP,TOC,粘粒,Fe₂O₃含量及CEC有显著或极显著正相关关系;固铵容量与TN,TP,TOC含量和CEC有显著正相关关系;最大固铵速率与Fe₂O₃含量有显著正相关关系;最大固铵量与沉积物理化性质相关性较差.      

常温ANAMMOX工艺运行性能及功能菌研究

通过改变进水基质浓度,对以火山岩为填料的常温上向流厌氧氨氧化生物滤池在不同基质浓度下的脱氮性能进行了研究.借助显微镜、电镜(SEM)观察对滤池内的微生物形态进行了分析,利用变性凝胶电泳(DGGE)和克隆测序等微生物方法,对ANAMMOX种属进行了鉴定.试验结果表明,常温条件下,厌氧氨氧化滤池在高、低不同基质下都能够保持较高的脱氮效果,其中TN去除负荷最高能够达到2.99kgN/(m3×d),NH4+-N和NO2--N最高去除率分别能够达到99.4%和98.8%;显微镜、电镜观察显示:滤池下部的微生物种类更丰富,ANAMMOX菌在滤池的中部和上部的比例更高;16SrRNA克隆测序鉴定结果表明:滤池中的ANAMMOX菌为Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis,其对温度和基质浓度都有着较宽的适应性.     

Adsorption of naphthalene onto a high-surface-area carbon from waste ion exchange resin

A high-surface-area carbon (KC-1) was prepared from waste polystyrene-based ion exchange resin by KOH activation and used for naphthalene adsorption. The carbon exhibited a good hydrophobic nature with developed porous structure, favoring the adsorption of organic compounds. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and total pore volume of KC-1 were 3442.2 and 1.68 cm 3 /g, respectively, which can be compared with those of KOH-activated carbons prepared from other precursors. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption of naphthalene onto KC-1. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Polanyi- Manes isotherms and agreed with the Polanyi-Manes Model. The adsorption of naphthalene depended greatly on the porosity of the carbon, and the dispersive interactions between naphthalene and carbon could be relatively weak. The pH variation in aqueous solution had little effect on the adsorption process. The equilibrium time for 0.04 g/L of carbon dose was around 5 hr. Different models were used to evaluate the kinetic data and the pseudo second-order model was suitable to describe the kinetic process of naphthalene adsorption onto KC-1. Regeneration of spent carbon could be carried out effectively by alcohol treatment. The results indicated that KC-1 was a promising adsorbent for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions.