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181.
自我决定理论指在自我决定的意义上说,行为是主观上自主选择、自主决定的,而不是迫于某种内在需要或外在力量的压力。自我决定动机区分了促进内部动机的社会环境,分别涉及三种不同的心理需要:胜任、自主和关系。三个基本的需要缺一不可,也就是说只有在三个基本心理需要都得到满足时,自我决定动机和自我决定行为才能产生。教师在环境教育课程中运用自我决定理论培养学生环境动机,可采用三种教学策略:获取学校其他教师、行政人员、家长和社会的支持;选择学生感兴趣的,具有挑战性的问题;采用合作学习与探究学习的方式。 相似文献
182.
气象灾害系统组成及评估理论体系探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
结合国内外相关领域的研究情况,对气象灾害、孕灾环境、致灾因子和承灾体等重要概念下了较明确的定义,介绍了孕灾环境危险度这一度量孕灾环境灾害风险的概念,并对承灾体脆弱性、致灾因子强度等用以评估气象灾害的重要参数进行了初步研究,指出灾情是成灾后气象灾害系统的综合状态.最后建立了较完整的气象灾害评估理论体系. 相似文献
183.
184.
DUAN Jinming 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(1):30-34
Colloidal particle stability and some other interfacial phenomena are governed by interfacial force interactions. The two well known
forces are van der Waals force and electrostatic force, as documented by the classical Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek
(DLVO) theory. Moreover, advances in modern instrumentation and colloid science suggested that some short-ranged forces or structure
forces are important for relevant colloidal systems. The interfacial and/or molecular forces can be measured as a resultant force as
function of separation distance by atomic force microscopy (AFM) colloid probe. This article presents a discussion on AFM colloid
probe measurement of silica particle and silica wafer surfaces in solutions with some technical notifications in measurement and data
convolution mechanisms. The measured forces are then analyzed and discussed based on the ‘constant charge’ and ‘constant potential’
models of DLVO theory. The di erence between the prediction of DLVO theory and the measured results indicates that there is a strong
short-range structure force between the two hydrophilic surfaces, even at extremely low ionic concentration, such as Milli-Q water
purity solution. 相似文献
185.
分形理论在混凝研究中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
针对絮凝体的形成具有自相似性和标度不变性分形特征,将分形理论应用于混凝领域,从絮凝体结构模型、分形结构模式以及分维的研究方法三个方面对混凝研究进行了论述,从而为混凝的研究提供了新的工具. 相似文献
186.
Fbio Lazzarotti Darlan Roman Simone Sehnem Fernando Fantoni Bencke Analisa Tiburski Sommer 《环境质量管理》2019,29(2):37-49
The purpose of the study was to analyze the social phenomenon of collecting animal carcasses from rural properties using the perspective of the ecological modernization theory. The results show that the success of the Recolhe pilot project is associated with users’ engagement in environmental awareness, environmental regulations, sanitary and environmental risk management, minimization of labor in rural properties, and municipal legal pressures. 相似文献
187.
The undermining effect revisited: The salience of everyday verbal rewards and self‐determined motivation 下载免费PDF全文
Self‐determination theory suggests that some rewards can undermine autonomous motivation and related positive outcomes. Key to this undermining is the extent to which rewards are perceived as salient in a given situation; when this is the case, individuals tend to attribute their behavior to the incentive, and the intrinsic value of the task is undermined. The role of salience has yet to be explicitly tested with respect to work motivation; we know little about whether undermining occurs in relation to verbal rewards, which characterize everyday work. We examine this in a field‐based quantitative diary study of 58 employees reporting 287 critical incidents of motivated behavior. When considering simple direct effects, the undermining effect was not supported; highly salient verbal rewards associated positively with introjected and external motivation, but at no cost to autonomous motivation. However, moderator analysis found support for the undermining effect for complex tasks; highly salient verbal rewards associated positively with external motivation while associating negatively with intrinsic and identified motivation. The findings suggest that verbal reward salience is an important characteristic of verbal reward perceptions and that salient verbal rewards are not advisable for more complex tasks but can have a valuable motivational impact for simple tasks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
188.
Neal M. Ashkanasy 《组织行为杂志》2016,37(8):1126-1131
To make the case that theory is a necessary part of research in the organization sciences, I develop three lines of argument. In the first, drawing upon Staw and Sutton's (1995, “What theory is not” Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 371–384) classic piece, I outline the boundaries of theory and, using a recently published empirical article as an example, demonstrate how research based on literature references and line‐and‐box diagrams instead of explanatory theory can make only a limited contribution to the literature. I next discuss more generally the pitfalls of conducting research without first developing theory, citing the example of malaria. In the final section of the article, I defend the role of theory‐review articles, such as those published in the Academy of Management Review, and illustrate (again by reference to an example) how such articles are critical to advancing organizational research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
189.
Minseong Kim Brijesh Thapa Jinwon Kim 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(9):1511-1534
Based on the elements of social exchange and organizational justice theories, a conceptual model and associated hypotheses were formulated to examine the relationship among community residents and their perceptions of governmental fairness (i.e., distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational dimensions), social capital (i.e., cognitive and structural dimensions), and support for government and environmental development. Data were collected from 496 residents in four Korean cities: Busan, Gyeongju, Pohang, and Ulsan. Empirical testing resulted in support for multiple hypotheses. More specifically, cognitive social capital was significantly influenced by distributive, interpersonal, and informational fairness. Structural social capital was significantly affected by distributive and informational fairness. Subsequently, two dimensions of social capital positively influenced two types of support. Overall, the results suggest that the interplay of governmental fairness and social capital is important in influencing residents’ support for government and environmental development. 相似文献
190.
在利用半分析方法结合光学闭合原理模拟水体后向散射系数的过程中,参考波长的选择对最终结果有较大影响.为了得出最佳参考波长的影响因子,利用太湖、巢湖和滇池的野外实测数据,对后向散射系数进行模拟,进而分析水体的最佳参考波长与其对应的水质参数浓度之间的变化规律.同时,建立了太湖、巢湖和滇池水体的后向散射系数曲线的幂函数光谱模型,获得的光谱指数分别为2.643±0.317、 2.719±0.242、 1.638±0.534.结果表明:①以整个湖泊为研究对象时,最佳参考波长随着湖泊水体中总颗粒物浓度cSPM、有机颗粒物浓度cSPOM和叶绿素浓度cCHL平均值的增大而向长波方向移动,太湖、巢湖和滇池水体的最佳参考波长分别为695、 720和730 nm;②以单个湖泊的各个样点为研究对象时,由于内陆湖泊光学特性的复杂性,最佳参考波长的影响因子存在一定差异,但cSPM是一个共同的影响因子.此外,过高的cCHL将削弱水质参数浓度与最佳参考波长间的规律性;③在以无机颗粒物为主的水体中,后向散射系数与总颗粒物浓度之间存在更好的相关性,如在太湖水体中,R2达到0.852. 相似文献