Framing the search for a theory of land use

ABSTRACT

Land system science and affiliated research linked to sustainability require improved understanding and theorization of land and its change as a social-ecological system (SES). The absence of a general land-use theory, anchored in the social subsystem but with explicit links to the environmental subsystem, hampers this effort. Drawing on land-use explanations, meta-analyses, and associated frameworks, we advance a broad framework structure of eight elements – aggregations of explanatory variables – with links to the biophysical subsystem, for systematic comparisons of extant explanations. Tests and models can be employed to identify which set of variables and their configurations provide robust explanations of across land uses, identifying the potential for theory development. The framework and its application are applicable to both top-down and bottom-up explanatory approaches employed in the social sciences. Links to the environmental subsystem invite future exploration of SES explanations that reach across the different dimensions of global change and sustainability science.     

An urban pipeline accident model based on system engineering and game theory

Urban pipeline accidents are caused by complex social-technical factors, in which urban communities and pipeline systems are involved. Such accidents can thus be investigated from the viewpoint of system engineering. System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) is a systemic method for safety assessment, which has been adopted in many domains. This approach can provide deep insights of accident causes by considering direct and indirect factors. Meanwhile, competition and cooperation between stakeholders in accidents are observed. Therefore, these parties can also be analyzed with the game theory. That is, stakeholders in STAMP can be regarded as players in game. The aim of this paper is to provide a new insight to analyze urban pipeline accidents by considering both STAMP and game theory. In this paper, we proposed an accident model for urban pipelines, with a case study of China-Qingdao pipeline accident occurred in 2013. We concluded that accident reasons can be investigated in-depth and lessons can be learned from analyzing causal factors by using STAMP. Based on results generated from STAMP, we applied the game theory to analyze roles that government and companies act in the China-Qingdao urban pipeline accident. The results show that current punishment and incentive systems are incomplete, lacking of the driving force and constraining force for the stakeholders involved in the accident.     

基于扎根理论的瓦斯爆炸风险累积效应研究*

为研究瓦斯爆炸风险在事故发展中的累积过程，揭示瓦斯爆炸事故的风险累积机理，引入累积效应的研究思想。首先界定风险累积概念，分析风险累积过程；然后运用案例研究、专家调查等方法分析瓦斯爆炸风险累积的累积源、途径，并应用扎根理论方法提取风险类型并研究风险累积过程；在此基础上，运用系统动力学软件绘制瓦斯爆炸风险累积路径图，将风险的累积过程可视化。研究表明:瓦斯爆炸风险存在累积过程，主要通过加和累积和放大累积方式累积，累积时间越长，越易引发新风险，其中管理风险累积影响人、物、环的状态，而人、物、环风险累积过程直接影响瓦斯爆炸事故发生进程。研究结果为瓦斯爆炸事故原因分析提供1种新方法，对煤矿企业的事故预防和风险管控具有一定指导和参考意义。     

委托代理理论视角下特种设备安全监管改进研究

针对特种设备数量和种类不断增多与安全监管力量不足问题,首先阐述特种设备安全监管内涵,分析其涉及的委托代理关系;然后基于委托代理理论构建特种设备安全监管委托代理数学模型,并利用激励相容约束条件讨论监管力度、安全投入、公众信任度等因素对特种设备安全监管效果的影响及内在机制;最后提出进一步提高特种设备安全水平的改进策略.结果...     

Theoretical Analysis of Percussive Tests of Products

The goal of theoretical research is to establish parameters, which have to be given in standards for percussive tests of products. Those parameters are essential for each user to be able to construct identical (equivalent) testing equipment. This would ensure identical results for identical products.

The paper presents a detailed analysis of the distribution and the value of the forces generated during percussive collisions of two bodies. Elastic, plastic, and elastoplastic collisions are considered. Parameters determining the coefficient of restitution, the courses of energy, momenta, and the values of the forces in colliding elements are determined. The dynamic force acting on a product during a percussive test was studied.     

基于突变理论的国内外火灾科学研究进展和展望

简要归纳了突变模型的特征和突变理论的应用方式,重点综述了突变理论在火灾科学中的应用情况,概括了突变理论在火灾科学中三个应用特点。针对具体油气爆炸实验数据,利用随机突变理论,对油气爆炸的突变模式进行了初步研究,说明了建立统计突变模型的可行性。最后指出了突变理论应用于火灾科学的未来研究方向。     

A Constructal Approach to the Optimal Design of Photovoltaic Cells

The constructal law is used for the minimization of the photovoltaic cells (PVC) electrical series resistance. In this paper we report a theoretical, step by step construction of optimal PVC, from the smallest, elemental cell to the largest assembly that relies on the minimisation of the maximum voltage drop subject to volume (material) constraints. This completely deterministic approach produces optimal geometric shape for each assembly level, the optimal number and orientation of constituents within each new, higher order assembly and the optimal size of each new collector (metallic) path.     

基于生态安全格局的国土空间生态修复关键区域识别——以吉林省松原市为例

为了在生态文明建设背景下,从生态系统完整性和结构连通性角度识别生态修复关键区域,以吉林省松原市为研究区,综合运用MSPA分析､景观连通性评价和电路理论,构建生态安全格局,识别松原市国土空间生态修复关键区域.结果表明:松原市共识别生态源地9处,面积为787.95km²,以水域及草地为主,对区域生态安全起着至关重要的作用;识别生态廊道23条,一级廊道16条,二级廊道7条,全长1458.18km;基于生态安全格局识别松原市国土空间生态修复关键区域,包括生态夹点16处,面积180.70km²,生态障碍点24处,面积298.11km².综合分析生态修复关键区域空间分布和土地利用现状,并提出针对性生态修复策略.