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Matt Gillen Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(3):289-299
The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducts research to improve and protect the health and safety of workers. This paper describes the experience of the NIOSH Construction Program with two recent program planning initiatives intended to improve the program: (a) an independent external review of work over the past decade and (b) the development of strategic goals organized into a “National Construction Agenda” to guide a decade of future work. These goals, developed with input from construction industry stakeholders and researchers, are a part of the NIOSH National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) initiative. The NORA goals are intended to provide an ambitious set of goals for all construction stakeholders to work together on. Both efforts relate to insuring the relevance and impact of research, reflecting an emerging policy perspective that research programs should be judged not just by the quality and quantity of science produced, but by the industry impact and tangible benefit resulting from the research. This paper describes how views on research planning have evolved to incorporate lessons learned about how research leads to improved safety and health for workers. It also describes the process used to develop the goals and the resulting strategic and intermediate goals that comprise the National Construction Agenda. 相似文献
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《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):167-170
Abstract To study the viability of detached leaf culture technique, studies were carried out with detached leaves from cotton apex (true trilobed leaves). The prepared leaves were sprayed with 2,4-D amine and ester, at rates of 10, 30, 70, and 100% of the recommended doses. Detached leaves without herbicide spray were used as controls. Simultaneously, a greenhouse experiment was conducted with the same treatments as used for the detached leaves experiment. Toxicity was measured through a 0-to-5 grading according to the percentage of affected leaf area in the detached leaves experiment or examining the affected rate of whole plant as indicated in the greenhouse. Results showed that the ester form of the herbicide induced earlier and more severe toxicity symptoms in detached leaves and greenhouse grown plants. Positive and significant correlations (p < 0.001) were found between toxicity results obtained at 7 and 14 days after application in detached leaves and greenhouse plants (r = 0.97 and 0.92, respectively). Negative, significant correlations (p < 0.005) were found between the toxicity levels found at 7 and 14 days after application in detached leaves and dry matter of cotton plants grown in the greenhouse (r = ?0.92 and ?0.92, respectively). 相似文献
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澜沧江的跨境径流量变化及其对云南降水量场变化的响应 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
随着澜沧江-湄公河次区域经济合作等重大区域合作行动的蓬勃开展,该流域水文水资源系统的变化、规律及其影响已成为国际关注和研究的热点。为考查气候变化对澜沧江-湄公河流域水文水生态环境变化影响的基本事实,以云南境内澜沧江径流量观测数据和云南的同期降水量场观测数据为基础,应用小波变换和相关系数的统计分析方法,研究了澜沧江跨境径流量变化的多时间尺度特征及其对云南降水量场变化的响应。结论为:澜沧江上下游的年径流量变化表现出了十分明显的多时间尺度变化特征,它们之间的差异主要表现在较小的时间尺度上,而对于较大的时间尺度,它们之间的变化特征是十分相似的;澜沧江上下游的年径流量变化与云南的年降水量场变化之间存在有十分显著的相关关系;云南年降水量场变化的多时间尺度特征与澜沧江上下游的年径流量变化的多时间尺度特征是相似的。总之,澜沧江的跨境径流量变化主要是由于云南降水量场的变化造成的,特别是在较大的时间尺度上,澜沧江上下游的径流量变化都对云南降水量场的变化有极好的响应特征。 相似文献
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In this paper, we focus on assessing the performance of diverse turbulence closures in the simulation of dilute sediment-laden,
open-channel flows. To that end, we base our analysis on a framework developed in a companion paper of this special issue,
which puts forward a standard sediment transport model (SSTM), a partial two-fluid model (PTFM) and a complete two-fluid model
(CTFM), in three- and one-dimensional (3D and 1D) versions. First, we propose in this paper extensions of the transport equations
for the Reynolds stresses, and of the equations of the K–ω model to two-phase flows, starting from the general two-fluid model. We consider the drag force to be the predominant force
amongst all the interactions between the two phases (water and sediment). Second, under the framework of models formed by
the SSTM, the PTFM and the CTFM, we discuss simulation results obtained by employing the Reynolds stress model (RSM), the
algebraic stress model (ASM), and the K–rc="/content/4g4637863864125r/10652_2008_9118_Article_IEq1.gif" alt="$$\varepsilon$$" align="middle" border="0"> and the K–ω models (in their standard and extended versions), paired with each member of the framework. To assess the accuracy of the
models, we compare numerical results with the experimental datasets of Vanoni, Trans ASCE 111:67–133, 1946; Coleman, Water
Resour Res 22(10):1377–1384, 1986; Muste and Patel, J Hydraul Eng 123(9):742–751, 1997; Nezu and Azuma, J Hydraul Eng 130:988–1001,
2004; Muste et al. Water Resour Res 41:W10402, 2005 . Third, we obtain from those comparisons the values of the Schmidt number
that facilitate the agreement of model predictions with data. We conclude that the standard K–rc="/content/4g4637863864125r/10652_2008_9118_Article_IEq2.gif" alt="$$\varepsilon$$" align="middle" border="0"> model, the ASM and the K–ω models all provide satisfactory descriptions of flow variables and sediment concentrations in open-channel flows; further,
we show that the more complicated RSM does not provide much improvement in dilute sediment transport as compared to those
previous models, even when it is paired with the CTFM. We also show that the inclusion of model extensions in the turbulence
closures does not improve the predictions for dilute mixtures either. We find that our values for the Schmidt number agree
well with available data, and we provide an explanation for the variation of the Schmidt number with the ratio of the fall
velocity and the wall-friction (shear) velocity. Finally, we corroborate that the Schmidt number is the key parameter to obtain
satisfactory predictions of sediment transport in suspension. 相似文献
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D301弱碱性阴离子交换树脂吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
实验探索性地采用D301弱碱性阴离子交换树脂去除重金属废水中的C(rⅥ),为开发出一种高效、安全的处理、富集和回收含C(rⅥ)废水的新工艺提供理论和实验依据。静态吸附实验结果表明,该树脂对C(rⅥ)的吸附量随pH的降低而增加,在pH=2时吸附量为17.54 mg/g;吸附平衡过程符合Freundlich方程,且最大吸附量为94.34 mg/g;动力学和热力学研究表明,吸附过程为颗粒扩散控制,自发且放热的,表观吸附活化能为E(a300 mg/L)=16 243.06 kJ/mol;树脂的再生能力强,经过3次再生,树脂的平衡吸附量仅下降了8.54%;动态吸附和洗脱实验表明,以5%NaOH溶液为洗脱剂效果最佳,洗脱液浓度高达6 918.74 mg/L,浓缩了约69倍,且动态洗脱曲线没有托尾现象;该树脂尤其适合处理低浓度含C(rⅥ)废水(≤100 mg/L),且几乎不受流速限制。 相似文献
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以开源GIS软件GRASS为平台,首次通过辐射过程模型r.sun和编程语言Shell实现长江流域500 m分辨率的晴日辐射反演(包括直接辐射、散射辐射和反射辐射),为了解长江流域辐射时空分布规律和相关宏观气候、生态建模奠定基础。结论如下:(1)精度验证表明,晴日辐射反演结果较理想;相关晴日指数的误差指标MPE、MAPE和RMSE分别为37%、75%和64%,r.sun模型可进一步用于中国其它区域;(2)长江流域晴日辐射年均日值为2424±245 MJ/(m2·d),其各组分差异显著,直接、散射、反射辐射分别占总辐射的842%、156%和02%;(3)晴日辐射空间分布梯度明显,沿三级地形阶梯向东辐射值及变异逐渐减小,海拔变化引起的大气衰减因素在决定晴日辐射分布时起重要作用;(4)晴日辐射季节分布不对称,月际变化总体呈倒“U”形分布;直接辐射和散射辐射变化趋势基本一致,但二者比例随大气浑浊度的变化波动剧烈。 相似文献