高效稠油降解菌DL1-G的筛选及降解特性

从大连保税库区稠油污染土壤中分离出1株稠油降解菌DL1-G,经形态观察、生化鉴定、16S rRNA序列及系统发育分析,鉴定该菌株为弯曲芽孢杆菌(Bacillus flexus).菌株DL1-G在第9d对稠油的降解率为39.89%,饱和烃和芳香烃的总含量降低了68.30%;GC-MS分析显示,饱和烃中nC11~nC38、nC6~nC30-烷基环已烷及姥鲛烷(27.179min)、植烷(30.657min)降解完全、未检出,C14~C16二环倍半萜烷及8α(H)-补身烷、8β(H)-补身烷、8β(H)-升补身烷降解率达99%以上,13β(H),14α(H)-C19~C29三环萜烷共降解了36.32%,11种甾烷类化合物共降解了12.04%;芳烃中萘系物、菲系物、芴系物、二苯并噻吩系物、联苯系物、甲基芘系物等都有不同程度降解,其中萘系物、芴系物、二苯并噻吩系物的降解率均达90%以上;菌株DL1-G对多环芳烃(PAHs)中的蒽、菲、芴、芘、萘的降解率分别达98.55%、97.16%、82.98%、64.85%、63.61%,表明该菌株在稠油污染治理方面具有良好的应用潜力.     

饮用水处理中不同来源生物活性炭微生物群落多样性和结构研究

通过限制性片段长度多态性技术考察了饮用水深度处理中5种不同来源生物活性炭的微生物群落多样性和结构.单宁酸与腐殖酸吸附值相对较高的A炭、B炭和C炭的多样性指数较为接近,其微生物多样性更为丰富,而单宁酸与腐殖酸吸附值相对较低的D炭、E炭多样性指数较低.生物活性炭样品的系统发育树中包含β-Proteobacteria、α-Proteobacteria、Planctomycetes、γ-Proteobacteria、Bacteroidetes等5类种群.其中β-Proteobacteria和α-Proteobacteria是微生物群落的优势种群,对水中有机物的去除起到重要的作用.Planctomycetes、γ-Proteobacteria和Bacteroidetes是微生物群落的非优势种群.Bacteroidetes出现在A炭、B炭、C炭和D炭中,而没有出现在E炭中.研究结果进一步加深了对生物活性炭中微生物群落的认识,为确保饮用水质安全提供理论基础.     

Isolation and characterization of a thermophilic Bacillus shackletonii K5 from a biotrickling filter for the production of polyhydroxybutyrate

Polyhydroxyalkanoates（PHAs） are aliphatic polyesters accumulated intracellularly by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. However, compared to the PHAs of Gramnegative bacteria, few endotoxins（lipopolysaccharides, LPS）, which would be co-purified with PHAs and cause immunogenic reactions, are found in the PHAs produced by Gram-positive bacteria. A thermophilic Gram-positive bacterium K5, which exhibited good growth and polyhydroxybutyrate（PHB）-accumulating ability, has been isolated and characterized from a biotrickling filter designed for the removal of NOx from flue gas in a coal-fired power plant in China. Based on the biochemical characterization and 16 S rRNA gene sequence（Genbank accession no. JX437933）, the strain K5 has been identified as Bacillus shackletonii, which has rarely been reported in the literature, and this report is the first time that B. shackletonii has been found to accumulate PHB. The strain K5 was able to utilize glucose as carbon source to synthesize PHB at a broad range of temperatures（from 35 to 50 °C）, and the ideal temperature was 45 °C. The strain K5 could effectively yield PHB of up to 69.9% of its cell dry weight（CDW）（2.28 g/L） in flask experiments employing glucose as carbon source at 45 °C, followed by 56.8% and 52.3% of its CDW when using sodium succinate and glycerol as carbon source, respectively. For batch cultivation, the strain K5 was able to produce PHB of up to 72.6% of its cell dry weight（9.76 g/L） employing glucose as carbon source at 45 °C and pH 7.0.     

石油污染土壤非培养放线菌多样性分析

采取大港油田石油污染土壤,分析其石油污染状况。利用放线菌传统培养分离技术、荧光PCR检测技术以及放线菌16S rDNA克隆文库分析技术,探讨了石油污染土壤放线菌群落丰度及其结构特征。研究结果表明:石油污染导致了土壤放线菌群落丰度降低,而荧光PCR检测较传统的培养分离技术,更能准确、真实地反映土壤放线菌群落丰度。同时,放线菌16S rDNA克隆文库结果显示油污土壤非培养放线菌主要包括链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、分支杆菌属(Mycobacterium)、类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、放线菌属(Actinomyces)、酸微菌属(Acidimicrobium)、地嗜皮菌属(Geodermatophilus)和乔治菌属(Georgenia)等8个类属,其主要种属与目前报道的具有石油烃降解功能的放线菌类群较为一致。该研究为从非培养放线菌角度修复石油污染土壤提供了重要的理论基础。     

Isolation of marine benzo[a]pyrene-degrading Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 and proteins characterization

A bacterial strain BAP5 with a relatively high degradation ability of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was isolated from marine sediments of Xiamen Western Sea, China and identified as Ochrobactrum sp. according to 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as Biolog microbial identification system. Strain BAP5 could grow in mineral salt medium with 50 mg/L of BaP and degrade about 20% BaP after 30 d of incubation. Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was able to utilize other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (such as phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene) as the sole carbon source and energy source, suggesting its potential application in PAHs bioremediation. The profile of total soluble protein from Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was also investigated. Some over- and special-expressed proteins of strain BAP5 when incubated with the presence of BaP were detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and found to be related with PAHs metabolism, DNA translation, and energy production based on peptide fingerprint analysis through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.     

基于分子技术的1株产毒藻藻际细菌多样性分析

采用构建16S rDNA克隆文库的方法,对实验室保存的1株产毒塔玛亚历山大藻在不同时期的藻际细菌群落多样性进行了分析.限制性片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)结果表明,塔玛亚历山大藻藻际微生物的16S rDNA克隆文库中的克隆子总共可分为 34 种基因型,选取各谱型的代表克隆子测定其16S rDNA片段核苷酸序列,将所获得的序列与GenBank数据库进行BLAST比对,结果表明所有基因型分属于2个细菌类群：变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes).在延滞期的藻培养液中,α-Proteobacteria占36.4%,β-Proteobacteria占9.1%,γ-Proteobacteria占27.3%,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)占27.3%;在指数后期的培养液中,α-Proteobacteria占53.3%,β-Proteobacteria占13.3%,γ-Proteobacteria占6.7%,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)占26.7%; 在稳定期的培养液中,α-Proteobacteria占47.8%,β-Proteobacteria占8.7%,γ-Proteobacteria占21.7%,δ-Proteobacteria占4.3%,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)占17.4%;其中有不少克隆子与已知序列同源性低于 94%,表明塔玛亚历山大藻藻际环境中附着有新的未开发的微生物资源,这些细菌可能在微藻的生消过程中起着重要的调控作用,所以本研究结果在赤潮微生物调控中具有重要的理论意义和应用价值.     

专业文库

从2009年起,我们将更加全面而系统地将资源节约与环保方面的论文倾力介绍给各位读者,在此基础上,我们着手扩大编委会的队伍,对优秀论文进行评选,并且择机汇编成册。专业性和权威性是《资源节约与环保》杂志的一大特色,我们将秉承这一传统.     

处理含氮芳烃废水SBR生物反应器细菌多样性研究

为了研究处理含氮芳烃废水牛物反应器细菌多样性及含氮芳烃降解的微生物学机制.并为工艺改进提供依据,采集处理含氮芳烃废水生物反应器从启动到稳定高效运行过程中不同时期污泥样品进行PCR-DGGE分析.同时,从稳定运行期反应器污泥中富集培养了90株细菌,获得36株降解菌并对其中5株降解菌进行了芳烃双加氧酶活测试.结果表明,细菌种群结构自启动至稳定运行期变化明显,Acidobacteria(SBR1,SBR7)、Actinobacteria(SBR4)和a-Proteobacteria(SBR6)等类群细菌对含氮芳烃化合物降解可能起重要作用.小同研究微生物多样性方法存在各自倾向性,仅能反映细菌种群中的不同部分.在分离细菌中,Actinobacteria类群细菌为优势类群.通过对降解菌芳烃开环双加氧酶酶活分析,进一步了解了含氮芳烃在反应器内的降解机制.研究结果为含氮芳烃废水处理研究提供了一些有价值的参考依据,并丰富了含氮芳烃废水降解菌资源.     

环境基因组技术在微生物多样性研究中的应用

环境中的微生物具有极大的生物多样性,但99%的微生物不能通过标准的实验技术加以培养,不依赖于培养的环境基因组技术由于适合分析生态系统中整个复杂的微生物基因组而迅速发展起来。文章针对环境基因组技术的原理、方法以及目前该技术在环境微生物多样性研究中的应用等作一综述。     

甲烷厌氧氧化协同硝酸盐还原菌群驯化及其群落特征

伴随硝酸盐还原的甲烷厌氧氧化是协同减少环境中硝酸盐及甲烷的有效途径.利用实验室废水处理厌氧污泥、污水处理厂厌氧污泥和填埋场覆土驯化富集硝酸盐还原型甲烷厌氧氧化菌群.考察菌群的甲烷氧化效果,结果发现接种污水处理厂厌氧污泥体系甲烷转化量最大,为0.05 mg·d-1.微生物群落结构分析显示,该体系中甲烷微菌和甲烷八叠球菌是甲烷氧化菌,假单胞菌、梭状芽胞杆菌和热单胞菌参与了硝酸盐的还原反应.硝酸盐的量影响甲烷的转化率及菌群结构.当硝酸盐浓度为200 mg·L-1时,体系中的硝酸盐还原菌为假单胞菌和梭状芽胞杆菌;浓度增加至500 mg·L-1时,硝酸盐还原菌则是假单胞菌和热单胞菌.同时,甲烷转化率增加34.7%.研究结果为该菌群应用于含甲烷废气与含硝酸盐废水的协同处理提供科学依据.