铸造厂的环境保护和治理

本文介绍了铸造生产对环境造成的污染 ,以及适合于铸造厂环境保护和治理的工艺设备 ,重点介绍了冲天炉烟气脱硫除尘和清理室除尘工艺技术     

COMBINATION OF RADAR AND GAUGE DATA IN A RAINFALL ARCHIVE SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: Near real time daily rainfall estimates for the UK are available from three sources: a sparse network of gauges, radar data, or radar data adjusted by the sparse gauges. The PARAGON rainfall archive system, which has been developed by the UK Meteorological Office, is able to produce these estimates in near real time on a 5 km grid. The ability of these estimates to reproduce the 5 km grid point field derived later from a dense network of gauges is compared using case studies. Five techniques have been used to assess the relative quality of the various estimates. There is general agreement between the results of the various techniques. For the London radar there are examples of days when the rainfall estimate was improved by incorporating radar data; conversely, there are days when the radar data make it worse. Overall little evidence was found to suggest that adjusted radar data are consistently markedly better than gauge estimates. Discriminate use of radar data is recommended.     

Effects of Spatial and Temporal Data Aggregation on the Performance of the Multi‐Radar Multi‐Sensor System

The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the performance of the Multi‐Radar Multi‐Sensor (MRMS) system in capturing precipitation compared to gauge data, and (2) assess the effects of spatial (1–50 km) and temporal (15–120 min) data aggregation scales on the performance of the MRMS system. Point‐to‐grid comparisons were conducted between 215 rain gauges and the MRMS system. The MRMS system at 1 km spatial and 15 min temporal resolutions captured precipitation reasonably well with average R², root mean square error (RMSE), and percent bias (PBIAS) values of 0.65, 0.5 mm, and 11.9 mm; whereas Threat Score, probability of detection, and false alarm ratio were 0.57, 0.92, and 0.40, respectively. Decreasing temporal resolution from 15 min to two hours resulted in an increase in R² and a decrease in RMSE, whereas PBIAS was not affected. Reducing spatial resolution from 1 to 50 km resulted in increases in R² and PBIAS, whereas RMSE was decreased. Increasing spatial aggregation scale from 1 to 50 km resulted in an R² increase of only 0.08. Similarly, improvement in R² was only modest (0.17) compared to an eightfold reduction in temporal resolution (from 15 min to two hours). While aggregating data at coarser temporal resolutions resolved some of the under/overestimation issues of the MRMS system, it was apparent even at coarser spatial and temporal resolutions the MRMS system inherently overestimated smaller precipitation events while underestimated bigger events.     

地面雷达可靠性加速试验方法研究

目的缩短可靠性鉴定时间,降低试验费用,形成工程化方法。方法以GJB 899A—2009为依据,根据雷达产品的实际特点,选择合适的定时统计试验方案,确定可靠性鉴定试验剖面。参考国内外加速试验标准,运用阿伦尼乌斯模型、Norris-Landzberg模型、疲劳累积损伤模型对可靠性鉴定试验剖面中温度、温度循环、振动应力水平进行加速,分别给出温度、温度循环、振动应力加速因子计算方法,得到加速条件下的等效试验剖面及故障时间。结果通过可靠性加速试验等效剖面计算,雷达可靠性鉴定试验时间由1100 h等效为加速条件下367h。结论地面雷达可靠性加速试验方法能够明显缩短试验时间,降低试验成本,可以在工程中推广应用。     

基于风暴识别算法的森林火灾识别

采用风暴识别算法对森林火灾进行了识别。首先根据参数阈值调整后的风暴识别算法,得到二维分量,结合不同云回波与火灾回波的差异,对火灾回波进行识别。根据算法对浙江省温州市三次森林火灾过程进行识别,结果显示:对于三次火灾过程都能够有效识别。对于火灾发生初期和熄灭时,由于回波强度较弱,回波结构松散,与小范围弱回波混合,导致漏识别。当回波中存在小范围地物杂波时,由于其尺度与小面积火灾接近,最终导致误识别。在森林火灾发生时,该算法可以帮助识别发生火灾的位置,为消防人员提供及时可靠的火灾地点及起火时间。     

机动车排放细微/超细颗粒物消光特性的Mie理论研究

机动车等燃烧源排放颗粒物离散系统的消光特性主要取决于颗粒群的物理化学组分和粒径分布特征. 利用内部混合模型,确定典型机动车排放颗粒物的密度和光学复折射系数(m),通过Mie理论模型研究不同粒径下单体颗粒物的光学特性,从而研究机动车排放的nm/μm级粒径下细微/超细颗粒物的无量纲光散射率(Q_scat)、无量纲光吸收率(Q_abs)以及无量纲消光率(Q_ext). 结果表明,不同国家的轻型柴油车(LDV)排放超细颗粒物的化学组分差异较大,而重型柴油车(HDV)则没有显著差别. 相关性分析表明,机动车排放颗粒物的EC组分所占比例与复折射系数的实部(n)和虚部(k)均有极强相关性,相关系数(R>/sup>2)分别为0.995 6和0.993 8.通过Mie理论计算 4种复折射系数下典型机动车排放颗粒物Q_scat,Q_abs和Q_ext随粒径的变化特征发现,粒径为400～600 nm范围的单体颗粒物消光作用最大. 当颗粒物粒径>1 μm时,Q_scat,Q_abs和Q_ext逐渐稳定为常数1.2,1.0和2.2, 此时消光率与复折射系数无关.      

“070812”云南元江特大山洪泥石流气象成因分析

利用MICAPS常规资料、加密自动站雨量、FY-2C卫星TBB资料和多普勒雷达探测等资料,分析了云南元江2007年8月12日特大山洪泥石流灾害的气象成因。结果表明:低层冷锋切变在南移过程中受帕布台风低压外围较强东北气流的阻挡和引导,使切变转向后在哀牢山附近形成与山脉平行的西北东南向风向切变是造成本次降雨过程的主要天气系统,切变线附近形成的中尺度系统和多普勒径向速度的逆风区产生的短时大暴雨,是引发元江8.12特大山洪泥石流灾害的直接天气原因。     

广东2010年5月一周两次暴雨过程的对比分析

2010年5月中旬,广东省在一周之内连续遭受了两次区域性暴雨过程,其频次之高、雨量之多、强度之大为历史同期所少有。对这两次暴雨过程从水汽输送、动力结构、大气稳定度和雷达特征等方面进行了对比分析。结果表明:两次暴雨过程的环流形势及影响系统不同,水汽输送和辐合强弱与暴雨范围有密切关系,降水强度不但受大气不稳定度影响,动力触发更可能是引发强降水的关键因素;产生暴雨的飑线通过吸收合并其移动前方和沿近地层辐合带新生单体得以维持和发展,飑线上的HP型超级单体是产生降水峰值的主要载体。     

基于集对分析-吸收马尔可夫链的铁路移动通信系统安全动态评估*

为了更有效地评估和防范铁路数字移动通信系统（GSM-R）的安全风险,针对未考虑系统不同时期系统风险状况不同、研究多局限于静态评估的不足,提出基于马尔可夫链的风险指数量化计算方法,构建基于集对分析-吸收马尔可夫链的铁路数字移动通信系统（GSM-R）风险评估模型。首先使用吸收马尔可夫链对通信系统风险进行定量计算,运用集对分析关联度的同一性、差异性和矛盾性动态分析通信系统安全风险的趋势,通过结合马尔可夫链计算下一阶段的关联度以获得通信系统最终安全风险评估结果,选取通信系统6个时间段数据进行分析,并进行验证。结果表明:本文评估方法能实现铁路数字移动通信系统（GSM-R）安全风险的全面动态评估,验证通信系统安全风险动态评估模型的科学性、有效性和可行性。