铁碳微电解法在废水处理中的研究进展及应用现状

介绍了铁碳微电解法处理废水的作用机理,概述了近10年来国内外利用铁碳微电解法及其组合工艺对印染、造纸、焦化、炸药、制药等废水处理方面的研究进展及实际的应用状况.提出了铁碳微电解法在运行过程中存在的几个问题,并对今后研究工作的大体方向做了初步的探讨.     

学龄儿童肺功能水平影响因素的研究

用逐步回归分析方法对与室内、外空气污染和机体状况等有关的因素对广州市学龄儿童肺功能 (FVC、FEV1 、PEFR和 FEF2 5～ 75 )水平的影响进行研究。结果提示 ,影响肺功能水平的主要因素是内因 ,身高的影响最明显 ,呼吸系统疾病或症状发生与肺功能水平下降有关 ;室外空气污染使肺功能水平下降 ,SO2 、NOx 和 PM2 .5 的影响明显 ,PM2 .5 的影响明显大于 PM1 0 和 TSP;居室或厨房通风不良、家庭烹饪用不洁燃料对儿童肺功能的生长不利 ;被动吸烟对女性儿童肺功能有不利影响。对各种影响因素 ,PEFR和 FEF2 5～ 75 比 FVC和 FEV1 更为敏感     

The use of nanovermiculite catalyst in the study of removal of the organic load and degradation of atrazine via ozone process in RPB reactor

Abstract

The main objective of this study is the degradation of a synthetic solution of atrazine by a modified vermiculite catalyzed ozonation, in a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor. A 0.5?L RPB reactor was used to perform the experiments, using a Central Composite Design (CCD) response surface to construct the quadratic model based on the factors: pH, catalyst concentration and reactor rotation frequency. The response variable was the removal of the organic load measured in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). After the complete quadratic model was constructed through the response surface, the COD degradation process had an optimal removal of 41% under the following conditions: pH 8.0, rotation of 1150?rpm and catalyst concentration 0.66?g L^?1.     

Optimizing electron spin resonance detection of hydroxyl radical in water

The parameters affecting the electron spin resonance (ESR) detection of hydroxyl free radical in water are studied and optimized. The hydroxyl radical is generated by the Fenton reaction with iron (II) ammonium sulfate and hydrogen peroxide reacting in a phosphate buffer using N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitron as the spin trap. The concentrations of Fe²⁺, H₂O₂, and phosphate buffer are the parameters studied. The Taguchi method and the orthogonal experiment design were used to evaluate the effects of these parameters on the ESR signal intensity. By the analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio and the analysis of variance, the order of importance of the various parameters on the hydroxyl radical formation is determined for optimal ESR detection of hydroxyl radical. The results will help the development of water purification technologies using hydroxyl free radical as a green oxidant.     

林可霉素制药废水的臭氧氧化处理

考察了臭氧氧化对林可霉素的效价削减效果。在初始抗生素浓度为100 mg·L⁻¹时,林可霉素效价削减50%所需消耗的臭氧量为0.118 mg·mg⁻¹抗生素,降解过程符合一级降解动力学特征。进一步采用林可霉素实际废水考察了污水化学需氧量(COD)和pH对抗生素臭氧氧化处理的影响,发现废水的COD每增加100 mg·L⁻¹,则单位抗生素实现50%削减需要增加的臭氧量约为1.64 mg。碱性条件下,臭氧可催化分解生成羟基自由基等活性基团而加速林可霉素的降解。同时,臭氧氧化后林可霉素生产废水的厌氧可生化性提高了98.51%。研究结果可以为林可霉素生产废水的处理技术选择提供参考。     

生物质型煤成型技术开发实验研究

通过原有成型方式的工业成型观察和模压成型实验，提出并验证了完全利用生物质纤维的交联作用实现成型的新机制。其于中高压下物料的不可再压缩性和单向挤压也会导致更高的成型压力的新认识，设计和研制成按新机制成型的型轮。经此改进的工业成型试验达到了比模压成型更好的效果：不用预实送料，且成型性能；成型压力降至120MPa以下，成型许可水分成倍提高，适合的生物质配比范围15％－60％；仅利用送料螺旋的预实功能，即可实现纯生物质型块的成型。     

3种不同工艺中莠灭净的去除特性及自由基鉴定

以三嗪类除草剂莠灭净（AMT）为目标污染物,对比研究了紫外（UV）、紫外激活过硫酸盐（UV/PS）与紫外激活过一氧硫酸氢盐（UV/PMS）3种不同工艺对AMT的去除效果以及反应动力学模型。考察了底物初始浓度、氧化剂浓度、溶液初始pH和水中腐殖酸浓度对AMT降解的影响,并对反应中生成的主要自由基进行鉴定。结果表明,3种系统下AMT降解均符合拟一级反应动力学模型（R2 ≥ 0.93）。AMT在3种不同系统下降解效率基本遵循UV/PS > UV/PMS > UV规律。随着底物初始浓度的增加,AMT降解率减小,拟一级速率常数kobs减小;增加氧化剂的投加量可以促进AMT降解;溶液pH的改变对UV系统下AMT的降解影响较小,而在UV/PS系统下,随着pH的增大降解率逐渐减小,在UV/PMS系统中降解率则呈现先减小后增大的趋势;投加腐殖酸会抑制AMT的降解;pH为7时,UV/PS和UV/PMS系统中反应生成的自由基主要是·SO4-。     

Function of Agricultural Land Use and Its Evolvement in Peri-urban Area: A Case Study of Beijing

Abstract

Rapid urbanization in Beijing stimulates the urban land expansion and diminishes available agricultural land. Monofunctional agricultural land use can not meet the demand of the development of the multifunctional agriculture and urbanization any more, so multifunctional agricultural land use is going to be promoted in the city. This article proposes the evolvement of the land use change from 1992 to 2004 and discusses some evolvement views.     

Kosetice, Czech Republic--ten years of air pollution monitoring and four years of evaluating the origin of persistent organic pollutants

The regional observatory Kosetice is a central European background station. Unique continuous monitoring from 1988 on is held here. POP (persistent organic pollutant) concentration values of air samples from Kosetice taken between 1996 and 2005 were statistically processed. Values of Czech ambient air quality standards were not exceeded. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reached two maxima, in 1996 and 2001-2002. Polychlorinated biphenyls concentrations reached the highest values in 1997 and 1998 and hexachlorocyclohexanes concentrations in 1998. DDTs, hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene were analysed as well. Long-range transport of pollutants between 2002 and 2005 was evaluated using the Potential Source Contribution Function hybrid receptor model. Indicated potential source areas of PCBs coincide with many well-known urban and industrialised areas, while the indicated potential source areas of HCHs and DDTs coincide with many agricultural and/or forested regions and the potential source areas of HCB comprise all land use types.