淀山湖着生藻类群落结构与数量特征

在１９９３～１９９７－０６间对淀山湖５种沉水植物及人工基质上的着生藻类群落进行了研究。结果表明,沉水植物上着生藻类群落由３７属３９种藻类组成,其中硅藻门１３属１３种,绿藻门１２属１３种,蓝藻门６属７种。５种沉水植物上着生藻类群落密度和生物量,均以黑藻最高,金鱼藻次之,菹草居第３,人工基质（塑料板）介于金鱼藻和菹草之间;并于冬季达全年最高峰,夏季为全年最低。着生藻类生长与沉水植物生长间呈负相关,并限     

电Fenton法处理难降解有机物的研究进展

评述了电Fenton法在水处理的中的应用状况及国内外研究现状，介绍了各种电Fenton法进行机理及存在的优缺点，并对其今后的发展趋势进行了阐述。     

Mechanisms of photochemical release of dissolved organic matter and iron from resuspended sediments

Photochemical reactions can alter the transformation of sedimentary organic matter into dissolved organic matter (DOM) and affect its ultimate fate in water ecosystems. In the present study, the photorelease of DOM and Fe from resuspended lake sediments was investigated under different O₂ and NO₃^? concentration conditions to study the mechanisms of DOM and Fe photorelease. The amount of photoreleased Fe, which ranged from 0.22 to 0.70 μmol/L, was significantly linearly correlated with the amount of photoreleased DOM. O₂ and NO₃^? could promote the photochemical release of DOM and Fe, especially during the initial 4 h irradiation. In general, the order of the photorelease rates of DOM and Fe under different conditions was as follows: NO₃^?/aerobic > aerobic ≈ NO₃^?/anaerobic > anaerobic. The photorelease rates of DOM and Fe were higher for the initial 4 hr irradiation than these for the subsequent 8 hr irradiation. The photorelease of DOM and Fe is thought to proceed via direct photodissolution and indirect processes. The relative contributions of indirect processes (>60%) was much greater than that of direct photodissolution (<40%). The photoproduced H₂O₂ under aerobic and anaerobic conditions indicated that hydroxyl radicals (?OH) are involved in the photorelease of DOM. Using ?OH scavengers, it was found that 38.7%, 53.7%, and 77.6% of photoreleased DOM was attributed to ?OH under anaerobic, aerobic, and NO₃^?/aerobic conditions, respectively. Our findings provide insights for understanding the mechanisms and the important role of ?OH in the DOM and Fe photorelease from resuspended sediments.     

沉水植物床-固定化微生物技术在水源地修复中的应用研究

研究了沉水植物床-固定化微生物技术在水源地中的修复效果.从太湖水体中筛选分离出土著氨化、亚硝化、硝化和反硝化细菌,通过增殖进入多孔载体内部使之固定,结合自主设计的沉水植物床,在太湖贡湖湾内进行了原位修复实验,该装置抗风浪性能良好,将反硝化细菌数量由5.4×102～2.7×103提高至3.9×105～9.1×105,实验区氧化亚氮排放通量介于3～24μg.(m2.h)-1之间,显著高于对照组,该技术对总氮去除率为19%～74%,硝氮去除率为24%～81%;120 d的连续监测数据表明,该技术可用于湖泊水源地修复,有效减轻水体富营养化状况.     

沉水植物对沉积物中磷赋存形态影响的初步研究

采用磷的分级方法研究苦草移植后生长过程中沉积物不同的磷赋存形态(NH4Cl-P, BD-P, NaOH-P和HCl-P)以及总磷的变化,同时结合野外人工恢复的水草区域采样的结果,进一步分析了野外条件下沉水植物狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum L.)对磷赋存形态的影响,结果表明,沉水植物能够有效的降低沉积物中磷的含量,而且水生植物对磷的不同赋存形态的影响并不相同,其中,BD-P是受沉水植物影响最为明显的磷赋存形态.     

新型无极紫外灯的光氧化性能研究

本实验对新型无极紫外灯的发射光谱、不同波长光线在溶液中的传播、·OH和O3的生成量、活性艳红X-3B溶液的降解情况进行了测定,并与普通中压汞灯进行了比较.结果表明,无极紫外灯在紫外区光强约为相近功率的普通中压汞灯的20倍;在溶液中紫外光比可见光更易被吸收;·OH生成与溶液对短波长光子的吸收存在对应关系,本实验中无极紫外灯的最大氧化距离约为6 cm;O3的生成量随着空气曝气量或254 nm处的光强的增大呈指数增加;降解活性艳红X-3B溶液的过程符合负一级动力学关系,降解效果明显好于普通中压汞灯,并且证明了无极紫外灯与生成的臭氧在活性艳红X-3B的降解过程中存在协同作用.     

Study on superoxide and hydroxyl radicals generated in indirect electrochemical oxidation by chemiluminescence and UV-Visible spectra

The generation and transformation of radicals on the cathode of indirect electrochemical oxidation were studied by chemilumines- cence(CL)and UV-Visible spectra in the reactor with a salt bridge that connected the separated chambers.The CL intensity of 4×10~(-9)mol/L luminol on the cathode with bubbling oxygen was about seven times that of the intensity without it,which was because of the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).The existence of ROS,especially the generation of the superoxide radical,c...     

Detection of hydroxyl radical in plasma reaction on toluene removal

A new method was introduced to detect the concentration of OH radical in dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)reaction.A film, which was impregnated with salicylic acid,was used to detect OH radical in plasma reaction at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.Salicylic acid reacts with OH radical and produces 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid(2,5-DHBA).Then,a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was carried out to detect the concentration of 2,5-DHBA.Therefore,OH radical in nonthermal plasma reaction could be...     

金属网阻火器设计参数的优化选择

就不同的火焰速度，应采用合理的金属同参数进行了研究，得出了临界消焰速度和金属网形状系数（ｄ／Ｗ）以及金属同层数之间的实验式。提出了网与网之间的理想间隔，并研究出多层金属网的最佳故数。按照本文提出的有关论据，便可在设计金属网阻火器时，对有关参数进行优化选择。     

Biophoton emission,free radical and toxicity of benzene to aquatic biosystems

Ｂｉｏｐｈｏｔｏｎｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ，ｆｒｅｅｒａｄｉｃａｌａｎｄｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙｏｆｂｅｎｚｅｎｅｔｏａｑｕａｔｉｃｂｉｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ￥ＷａｎｇＹｉｎｇｙａｎ；ＷａｎｇＪｉｇｕａｎｇ（ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＭｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔ...