多元可燃性混合气体爆炸中间产物发射光谱特性实验研究

从矿井火区实际出发,选用类似于煤矿开采现场产生的多元可燃性气体:CH4,C2H6 ,C2H4,CO,H2 ,利用瞬态光谱测量系统探究了爆炸引发阶段中间产物的光谱特征,分析了组分配比、组分浓度和甲烷浓度对压力特性和中间产物光谱的影响。研究结果表明:在多组分气体加入量较小（未形成体系贫氧状态）时,3种自由基发射光谱峰值出现时间随着甲烷浓度的增大先缩短后延长;在多组分气体加入量较大（形成体系贫氧状态）时,自由基发射光谱峰值出现时间随着甲烷浓度的增大不断延长;当其以任意比例混合后,微观反应过程中关键自由基的出现顺序为:OH自由基先于O自由基, O自由基先于H自由基出现。     

超声-Fe2+-K2S2O8/NaHSO3体系降解罗丹明B

采用超声促进、Fe²⁺活化的K₂S₂O₈/NaHSO₃联合体系（US-Fe²⁺-K₂S₂O₈/NaHSO₃体系）降解罗丹明B（RhB）。考察了RhB模拟废水脱色效果的影响因素,并研究了不同处理方法的协同效应,推测了反应机理。实验结果表明：在反应温度25 ℃、初始pH 5.18、超声功率250 W、K₂S₂O₈溶液（4.91 mmol/L）加入量1.2 mL、NaHSO₃溶液（4.91 mmol/L）加入量1.2 mL、n（K₂S₂O₈）∶n（Fe²⁺）=10、反应时间7 min的条件下,RhB模拟废水（50 mL）的脱色率达到89.45%;超声与Fe²⁺-K₂S₂O₈/NaHSO₃体系对RhB的降解产生了协同效应,降解反应符合表观一级反应动力学,速率常数增强因子可达13.6。自由基猝灭实验结果表明,硫酸根自由基和羟基自由基是攻击RhB 分子的活性自由基,硫酸根自由基起主要作用。     

低功率微波(2450MHZ)辐射对离体人红细胞膜的损伤效应

本文采用２４５０ＭＨｚ低功率微波辐射离体人红细胞,从分子水平研究微波对红细胞膜的影响。选择功率密度为０ｍＷ／ｃｍ２,５ｍＷ／ｃｍ２,１０ｍＷ／ｃｍ２,辐射时间为３０ｍｉｎ,结果显示,１０ｍＷ／ｃｍ２的微波对离体人红细胞有较为明显的损失。表现为红细胞的渗透脆性升高,膜脂流动性下降,膜丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量明显升高,但红细胞溶血度未增加,红细胞膜ＳＯＤ、红细胞膜ＡｃｈＥ活性和膜蛋白组份的百分含量也未见明显变化     

Removal of NOx from flue gas with radical oxidation combined with chemical scrubber

In this paper, removal of NOx(namely DeNOx) from flue gas by radical injection combined with NaOH solution(26% by weight of NaOH in water) scrubbing was investigated. The experimental results showed that the steady streamer corona occurs through adjusting the flow rate of the oxygen fed into the nozzles electrode. The vapor in the oxygen has influence on the V-I characteristics of corona discharge. Both HNO2 and HNO3 come into being in the plasma reactor and the DeNOx efficiency in the plasma reactor is more than 60%. The overall DeNOx efficiency of the whole system reaches 81.7 % when the NaOH solution scrubbing is collaborated.     

Decomposition characteristics of toluene by a corona radical shower system

Non-thermal plasma technologies offer an innovative approach to decomposing various volatile organic compounds(VOCs). The decomposition of toluene from simulated flue gas was investigated using a pipe electrode with nozzles for the generation of free radicals. Corona characteristics and decomposition of toluene were investigated experimentally. In addition, the decomposition mechanism of toluene was explored in view of reaction rate. The experimental results showed that the humidity of additional gas has an important effect on corona characteristics and modes and stable streamer corona can be generated through optimizing flow rate and humidity of additional gas. Applied voltage, concentration of toluene, humidity of toluene and resident time are some important factors affecting decomposition efficiency. Under optimizing conditions, the decomposition efficiency of toluene can reach 80%. These results can give a conclusion that the corona radical shower technology is feasible and effective on the removal of toluene in the flue gas.     

武汉东湖水生植物生态学研究：Ⅲ沉水植被重建的可行性研究

根据武汉东湖水体光学性质,营养状况和东湖现存水生植被的分布状况,对东湖各湖区重建沉水植被的可行性作了探讨,认为东湖大部分湖区恢复沉水植物是可行的。牛巢湖,汤林湖,后湖等湖区一旦停止放养草食性鱼类,加之适当的人工促进措施,沉水植物完全可以恢复。     

曝气管开孔直径对一体式膜-生物反应器的影响

在中试水平上考察了3种不同开孔直径的穿孔曝气管(A:φ4mm,B:φ2mm,C:φ1mm)对一体式膜-生物反应器整体性能的影响.清水充氧性能试验表明,3种穿孔管条件下的反应器整体充氧性能基本一致;流态特性分析显示,3种穿孔管条件下的反应器流态均近似完全混合流.水动力学特性试验发现,升流区液体表观流速随着升流区曝气强度的增大呈现先上升后趋于稳定的现象,低曝气强度[<120m³/(m²·h)]时穿孔管A条件下的升流区液体表观流速最高,高曝气强度[>120m³/(m²·h)]时3种穿孔管条件下的升流区液体表观流速趋于一致(稳定值约为0.4³m/s),恒通量膜过滤试验表明,穿孔管A条件下的跨膜压差上升速率(0.0382kPa/h)低于穿孔管C(0.05kPa/h).对本中试装置来说,开孔直径较大的穿孔管A的综合性能优于开孔直径较小的穿孔管B和C.     

Light-induced variation in environmentally persistent free radicals and the generation of reactive radical species in humic substances

• Light irradiation increased the concentration of free radicals on HS. • The increased spin densities on HS readily returned back to the original value. • The “unstable” free radicals induced the formation of reactive radical species. • Reactive radicals’ concentration correlated strongly with EPFRs’ concentration. Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in humic substances play an essential role in soil geochemical processes. Light is known to induce EPFRs formation for dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments; however, the impacts of light irradiation on the variation of EPFRs in soil humic substances remain unclear. In this study, humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin were extracted from peat soil and then in situ irradiated using simulated sunlight. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy results showed that with the increasing irradiation time, the spin densities and g-factors of humic substances rapidly increased during the initial 20 min and then gradually reached a plateau. After irradiation for 2h, the maximum spin density levels were up to 1.63 × 10¹⁷, 2.06 × 10¹⁷, and 1.77 × 10¹⁷ spins/g for the humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin, respectively. And the superoxide radicals increased to 1.05 × 10¹⁴–1.46 × 10¹⁴ spins/g while the alkyl radicals increased to 0.47 × 10¹⁴–1.76 × 10¹⁴ spins/g. The light-induced EPFRs were relatively unstable and readily returned back to their original state under dark and oxic conditions. Significant positive correlations were observed between the concentrations of EPFRs and reactive radical species (R² = 0.65–0.98, p<0.05), which suggested that the newly produced EPFRs contributed to the formation of reactive radical species. Our findings indicate that under the irradiation humic substances are likely to be more toxic and reactive in soil due to the formation of EPFRs.     

O3氧化法和O3-H2O2氧化法去除水中聚丙烯酰胺

采用O3氧化法和O3-H2O2氧化法去除水中的聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）,分别考察了反应时间、O3质量浓度、n（H2O2）∶n（O3）和溶液pH对PAM去除效果的影响。实验结果表明：O3氧化的最佳操作条件为反应时间30 min、O3质量浓度22.6 mg/L、溶液pH 8.5,O3-H2O2氧化的最佳操作条件为反应时间10 min、O3质量浓度22.6 mg/L、n（H2O2）∶n（O3）=0.1、溶液pH 8.5;在最佳操作条件下,O3氧化和O3-H2O2氧化均可有效降低PAM溶液的黏度和PAM质量浓度,但对COD的去除效果不佳,黏度可降至和蒸馏水相近,PAM的去除率可达80%以上,而COD的去除率分别约为15%和28%;O3-H2O2氧化后的PAM比O3氧化后的PAM更容易被微生物利用,两种氧化预处理方法均有利于后续的生化处理。     

基于Fluent的闭合环型缺氧反应器构造优化

为提高闭合环型缺氧反应器混合效果,选用基于Fluent软件的三维RNG k-ε紊流数学模型对闭合环型缺氧反应器进行流场模拟,以池底可能淤积面积比例作为混合效果的评价标准,分别从导流直墙长度、导流墙偏心距离及水下推进器偏置等3个方面对缺氧池的系统构造的最优设置进行研究。结果显示,在相同推进器功率下,导流直墙长度2.0 m为佳,导流墙偏心距离0.5 m为佳,推进器向内偏置0.5 m为佳。该研究方法及其结果可以作为闭合环型缺氧反应器的设计依据,具有较佳的技术参考价值。