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101.
受污染原水中有机物去除中试集成系统的工艺对比研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在中试集成系统水平上对比研究了常规工艺、预臭氧化工艺、粒状活性炭吸附工艺、臭氧-生物活性炭工艺对受污染源水中的有机物及消毒副产物前体的去除效果.结果表明,前2种工艺对有机物的去除效能大致在50%~60%,后2种则能达到75%~90%.与前2种相比,后2种为更有效地去除受污染原水中有机物的方法.建议采用Ⅱ类及更优水体为水源的水厂考虑使用常规处理或季节性水质变化时采用预氧化工艺;而对于那些以Ⅲ类或更差水体为主水源的水厂则应考虑增设GAC或BAC设备,以满足饮用水水质新标准要求. 相似文献
102.
开放源对环境空气质量影响的评估技术与实例 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
开放源排放的颗粒物已经成为城市环境大气颗粒物的主要来源之一,介绍了其对环境空气质量影响的评估技术,采用开放源的动力学经验公式测算S市粉煤灰场、原煤堆场、土堆、沙石料堆4类开放源不同粒径颗粒物的起动风速及扩散距离,并利用箱模型(A值)和源解析(化学质量平衡法,CMB)模型测算开放源的区域年均起尘量及其对环境空气中颗粒物的贡献值.结果表明:开放源排放的颗粒物易升腾而且影响面积很大;S市区开放源类排放的小于100 μm的颗粒物约22.2×104 t/a,小于10 μm的颗粒物约15.8×104 t/a;开放源对环境空气中TSP的贡献值约370 μg/m3,质量浓度分担率达60%,对PM10的贡献值约263 μg/m3,分担率达64%. 相似文献
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105.
大气颗粒物致机体损伤的OH自由基机制 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
流行病学研究表明可吸入大气颗粒物浓度上升与人群呼吸道和心血管疾病发病率上升密切相关.毒理学实验和人体暴露研究显示可吸入大气颗粒物可导致机体广泛的损伤,但其致毒机制尚未明确.大量体内和体外研究表明了活性氧在颗粒物致毒过程中的重要作用,其中OH自由基具有极高的反应活性,是可吸入颗粒物致毒的重要机制.在总结国内外相关研究基础上,综述了OH自由基可能造成的大分子损伤、大气可吸入颗粒物暴露引发机体产生OH自由基的分子机制以及生物体系中OH自由基的检测手段,并对该领域的研究方向进行了展望. 相似文献
106.
Muhammed Siddik Abdul Samad Prem Mohan Irfan Khursheed Shah Babu J. Alappat 《Environmental Forensics》2020,21(1):37-47
AbstractCement manufacturing is a process that results in the emission of significant quantities of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to the ambient air. An environmental forensic investigation was carried out in the surroundings of a major cement manufacturing unit at a place called Coimbatore in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The investigation was carried out to identify the contribution of the cement manufacturing unit to the SPM concentration of the surrounding air environment. The sampling points’ selection and sample collection were done following the principles outlined in the INTERPOL Manual for Pollution Crime Forensic Investigation. On-site monitoring of the air samples was carried out using Mini Laser Aerosol Spectrometer (GRIMM, Mini-LAS Model 11R). The instrument was capable of measuring particles ranging from 0.25 to 32 µm and classifying them into 31 size channels. The test results at majority of the monitoring locations were well above the limits specified in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards of India. Microscopic studies of the dust samples were carried out for surface texture and particle shape. The spatial distribution of particles was analysed using geographic information system (GIS) for the visual identification of the extent of the pollution by keeping the cement factory as the focal point. The results from the GIS and microscopic analysis established the role of the cement factory in the particulate matter pollution of its surroundings, specifically in the areas North-West of the factory. The successfully adopted procedure can serve as a guideline for the environmental forensic investigation of similar pollution incidences. 相似文献
107.
Yamaguchi N Nakano M Takamatsu R Tanida H 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(6):451-9983
The transformation of inorganic iodine (I− and IO3−) incubated in soils with varying amounts of organic matter (Andosols from the surface layer of an upland field and forest, as well as Acrisols from surface and subsurface layers of an upland field) was investigated by using the iodine K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). After 60 d of reaction, both I− and IO3− were transformed into organoiodine in surface soils containing sufficient amounts of organic matter, whereas IO3− remained unchanged in the subsurface soil of Acrisols with low organic matter contents. Transformation of IO3− into organoiodine was not retarded when the microbial activity in soil was reduced by γ-ray irradiation, suggesting that microbial activity was not essential for the transformation of inorganic iodine into organoiodine. Soil organic matter has the ability to transform inorganic iodine into organoiodine. 相似文献
108.
Kelly K. Moran Julie D. Jastrow 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(4):1088-1094
The potential for storing additional C in U.S. Corn Belt soils - to offset rising atmospheric [CO2] - is large. Long-term cultivation has depleted substantial soil organic matter (SOM) stocks that once existed in the region's native ecosystems. In central Illinois, free-air CO2 enrichment technology was used to investigate the effects of elevated [CO2] on SOM pools in a conservation tilled corn-soybean rotation. After 5 and 6 y of CO2 enrichment, we investigated the distribution of C and N among soil fractions with varying ability to protect SOM from rapid decomposition. None of the isolated C or N pools, or bulk-soil C or N, was affected by CO2 treatment. However, the site has lost soil C and N, largely from unprotected pools, regardless of CO2 treatment since the experiment began. These findings suggest management practices have affected soil C and N stocks and dynamics more than the increased inputs from CO2-stimulated photosynthesis. 相似文献
109.
Fire as a Soil-Forming Factor 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Giacomo Certini 《Ambio》2014,43(2):191-195
In the span of a human generation, fire can, in theory, impact all the land covered by vegetation. Its occurrence has many important direct and indirect effects on soil, some of which are long-lasting or even permanent. As a consequence, fire must be considered a soil-forming factor, on par with the others traditionally recognized, namely: parent material, topography, time, climate, living beings not endowed with the power of reason, and humans. 相似文献
110.
Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液MBR-NF浓缩液 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用Fenton法处理MBR-NF浓缩液,考察了FeSO4·7H2O投加量、n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+)投加比、初始pH对渗滤液MBR-NF浓缩液处理效果的影响,并在最佳实验条件下,探讨浓缩液富里酸(FA)、亲水性有机物(HyI)组分在Fenton氧化前后组成的变化。研究结果表明,在FeSO4·7H2O投加量为0.055 mol/L、n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+)投加比为4、初始pH为7.58时,对COD、腐植酸(UV254)、色度(CN)的去除率分别为79.6%、93.7%和97.8%。Fenton氧化后,浓缩液中有机物组分含量发生了较大变化,腐植酸含量下降,HyI成为渗滤液溶解性有机物主要成分。紫外-可见光谱表明,Fenton法对FA去除效果较好,而对HyI氧化效果较差;傅立叶红外光谱显示,经Fenton氧化后,FA的结构发生了明显变化,而HyI则变化不明显。 相似文献