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351.
Claudio Carnevale Giovanna Finzi Enrico Pisoni Marialuisa Volta 《Ecological modelling》2009,217(3-4):219
To assess the impact of three different emission reduction scenarios on PM10 concentrations in Northern Italy, the TCAM multiphase model has been applied in the framework of the CityDelta III-CAFE EU project. The considered domain, that is characterized by high urban and industrial emissions and a dense road traffic, due to frequently stagnating meteorological conditions is often affected by severe PM10 levels, far from the European standard regulations. The impact evaluation has been performed in terms of both yearly mean values and 50 g/m3 exceedance days for the 2004 Base Case simulation. The results show that the three selected emission reduction scenarios up to 2020 improve air quality all over the domain, in particular, in the area with higher emission density. 相似文献
352.
Y. Liang H.T. Gollany R.W. Rickman S.L. Albrecht R.F. Follett W.W. Wilhelm J.M. Novak C.L. Douglas Jr. 《Ecological modelling》2009
Soil carbon (C) models are important tools for examining complex interactions between climate, crop and soil management practices, and to evaluate the long-term effects of management practices on C-storage potential in soils. CQESTR is a process-based carbon balance model that relates crop residue additions and crop and soil management to soil organic matter (SOM) accretion or loss. This model was developed for national use in U.S and calibrated initially in the Pacific Northwest. Our objectives were: (i) to revise the model, making it more applicable for wider geographic areas including potential international application, by modifying the thermal effect and incorporating soil texture and drainage effects, and (ii) to recalibrate and validate it for an extended range of soil properties and climate conditions. The current version of CQESTR (v. 2.0) is presented with the algorithms necessary to simulate SOM at field scale. Input data for SOM calculation include crop rotation, aboveground and belowground biomass additions, tillage, weather, and the nitrogen content of crop residues and any organic amendments. The model was validated with long-term data from across North America. Regression analysis of 306 pairs of predicted and measured SOM data under diverse climate, soil texture and drainage classes, and agronomic practices at 13 agricultural sites having a range of SOM (7.3–57.9 g SOM kg−1), resulted in a linear relationship with an r2 of 0.95 (P < 0.0001) and a 95% confidence interval of 4.3 g SOM kg−1. Using the same data the version 1.0 of CQESTR had an r2 of 0.71 with a 95% confidence interval of 5.5 g SOM kg−1. The model can be used as a tool to predict and evaluate SOM changes from various management practices and offers the potential to estimate C accretion required for C credits. 相似文献
353.
小型燃油锅炉大气污染物排放特征 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
燃料燃烧是大气污染物的重要来源之一,对人体健康、空气质量和气候变化产生严重影响. 以85台小型燃油锅炉(≤10.5 MW)的颗粒物(PM),SO2和NOx排放实测数据为基础,通过统计分析方法,研究了大气污染物PM,SO2和NOx的排放特征及其影响因素,分析了我国小型燃油锅炉PM,SO2和NOx的排放现状. 结果表明,在未采取控制措施的条件下,ρ(PM)与燃油灰分〔w(灰分)〕和硫含量〔w(S)〕无关;而在过量空气系数(α)>1时,ρ(SO2)与燃油w(S)之间呈现显著的正线性相关性;ρ(NOx)与燃油氮含量〔w(N)〕不具有相关性,而随过量空气系数的增大而增大. 实测得到ρ(PM),ρ(SO2)和ρ(NOx)平均值分别为20.0,259.9和318.2 mg/m3;所有测试锅炉的ρ(PM)远远小于《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》(GB13271—2001)所规定的最高允许排放限值,有90%以上的锅炉达到ρ(SO2)最高允许排放限值,有84%的锅炉达到ρ(NOx)最高允许排放限值. 相似文献
354.
355.
G. A. Klevezal A. E. Bakhur A. A. Sokolov V. A. Serezhenkov N. L. Krushinskaya 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2001,32(2):110-116
The results of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis of pure tooth enamel and the data on the radionuclide content in bones were used for estimating the radiation load on reindeer that lived on Wrangel Island in the 1970s and early 1980s. Based on the measurements of the lower jaws, some biological parameters of the Wrangel reindeer population were estimated and compared with those in the Novaya Zemlya and Taimyr populations. Changes in only two of these parameters—the degree of root cementum resorption and animal life span–might be attributed to the effect of the radiation load. 相似文献
356.
Russian Journal of Ecology - 相似文献
357.
城市污泥堆肥中水溶性有机物的理化特性变化 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
通过透析和XAD-8树脂等方法研究了城市污泥堆肥过程中水溶性有机物(DOM)的理化特性变化.结果表明,随着堆肥的进行,堆肥DOM的浓度和pH值分别降低了58.4%和9.5%;DOM中小分子组分和亲水性组分分别减少了13.1%和9.2%,而大分子组分与疏水性组分有所增加,疏水性组分/亲水性组分由0.89增至1.29;DOM中C、H、N、S含量和C/H、C/N、C/S、C/(N+S)均呈降低趋势.这些变化趋势与堆肥过程中有机物的变化规律一致,因此,堆肥DOM的理化特性能用以表征堆肥的腐熟度. 相似文献
358.
北京市大气细颗粒物的遗传和非遗传毒性研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
用胞质阻断微核试验与单细胞凝胶电泳法检测北京市大气PM2.5无机提取物与有机提取物对Balb/c 3T3细胞微核形成与DNA链断裂的影响;通过划痕染料示踪技术(SL/DT)观察PM2.5无机提取物与有机提取物对Balb/c3T3细胞间通讯的影响.发现PM2.5有机提取物可引起双核微核细胞率显著增加(P<0.01)及导致慧星细胞率和DNA迁移长度显著增加(P<0.01);PM2.5有机提取物引起细胞间通讯的抑制; PM2.5无机提取物未见明显毒作用.结果表明,PM2.5可引起染色体损伤和原发性DNA损伤,抑制细胞间通讯,其毒作用主要由其有机成分引起. 相似文献
359.
360.
运河(杭州段)底质有机质与重金属元素相关性的探讨 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过对京杭大运河 (杭州段 )底质的监测 ,探讨了底质有机质与 8种重金属元素的相关性 ,并对其成因作出了解释 ,得出了 8种重金属在运河 (杭州段 )底质中易积累的顺序。 相似文献