绿化带对不同频率城市交通噪声的衰减作用

植物绿化对交通噪声具有一定的阻挡与衰减作用,其衰减效果取决于绿化带的构成、纵深等。研究选取杭州西湖风景区5个绿化带和1个空地区,测量1/3倍频程下交通噪声的衰减情况。结果表明：10 m左右纵深的绿化带可使交通噪声降低3-5 dB;绿化带的降噪效果在中低频要好于高频,最高在315-400 Hz之间;绿化带辅助地形的下降可有效提高降噪效果;绿化带中乔木选用阔叶类植物的降噪量高于针叶类植物3 dB左右,在低频段降噪量的提升要高于中高频段。     

车库出入口坡道噪声影响因素及预测

选取城市居住区中典型地下车库,在优化其出入口噪声采样点布置和同步采样点分组基础上,通过对噪声样本的声学分析,研究了车库出入口坡道噪声与坡道结构、坡度、线形、上下坡等相关因素的关系.通过对平直混凝土路面车库出入口噪声影响预测值的修正,建立了车库出入口坡道噪声影响预测模式.     

氧化沟工艺处理火车站废水的运行与调试

以信阳市火车北站污水处理工程为例．介绍了以一体化氧化沟工艺为主的处理工艺及其主要构筑物如：泵井、平流沉砂池、氧化沟以及接触消毒池的结构特点和设计水力负荷条件等。针对火车站废水特有的含油污量高、可生化性差的特点．指出了其运行与调试过程中应注意的问题。     

油田注水泵房噪声治理

调查了油田注水泵房噪声的基本情况.根据噪声来源和特性制定了治理方案,分析了试验应用效果.     

铁路噪声对沿线住宅小区的影响

主要考虑铁路噪声的直达声和一次反射声对住宅小区的影响,建立了铁路沿线城市住宅区列车噪声衰减的理论模型,计算分析了铁路噪声对建筑群纵深的影响,并与实测值进行比较,验证了模型的可靠性.     

公路路网建设项目声环境影响评价研究

以甘肃省某市新区基础设施建设中的路网建设为例,根据公路路网的交通参数、道路地形地貌条件、路面设施等,利用导则推荐模式预测路网噪声贡献值。该新区路网中道路距离多在500m以上,不论道路平行还是相交,噪声影响以主干道为主,以次干道为辅,相互影响;根据路网噪声环境影响的特点,提出切实可行的声环境影响减缓措施。     

Integrated Estimation of the Effect of Physical Factors on Human Functional State During Mental Work

The purpose of this study was to develop a model for an integrated estimation of the functional state of the human organism (FSHO) and an integral estimation of physical factors (PF) for hygienic rating. Tests were performed twice with 3 men in 0.7-clo clothing during 4-hr mental work with 9 combinations of 4 PF: wideband noise (55–83 dB(A)), whole-body vibration (6 Hz, a_z = 0.2–1.8 ms^?2), air temperature (18–30 °C), and illumination (1, 3, 5 lx). Thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological reactions and temporary threshold of hearing (TTS₂) shifts were studied. For the integral estimation of PF influence on FSHO the model F(y₁, y₂, ... y_m) = f(x₁, x₂, ... x_n) was used, relating both FSHO and PF sets. The most important physiological parameters in creating FSHO are defined and the contribution of individual parameters of FSHO and PF is found.     

Development of Micropore Mufflers

Research on micropore mufflers was started in the middle of the 1970s. In this article we have summarized and systematized what has been done in the past 20 years. Some expressions, derivations, and calculation curves have been formally modified to make them easier to understand and apply. Some new considerations have been added. The main purpose of this article is to introduce the fundamentals, theories, and calculations that are useful for the design of a micropore muffler. Therefore, we have not included any experiments. Direct and indirect experimental proofs can be found in the given relevant references. Micropore mufflers are grouped into two classes, simple micropore mufflers and expansion micropore mufflers. The latter have additional noise reduction due to flow expansion. Noise reduction and flow are two important aspects that have been discussed in detail.     

Flicker Test as a Load Measurement During the Combined Effect of Heat and Noise

This study was a joint physiological and psychological experiment undertaken to determine changes in physiological and psychological human functions under the combined influence of heat, noise, and physical activity. Seven experimental situations were simulated in a climatic chamber with different configurations of three independent variables: heat (40 °C), noise (98 dB), and physical effort (30% of maximum volume of oxygen uptake—V0₂ max). Five psychological variables (critical flicker fusion—CFF, hand tremor, reaction time, subjective climate evaluation, and subjective evaluation of the given condition load) and two physiological variables (heart rate and rectal temperature) were monitored. Results indicate that CFF changed (increased) significantly when more than one experimental variable was applied. These changes coincided with significant changes in both subjective climate evaluation and subjective evaluation of a given condition load. There were no significant changes in psychomotor functions (hand tremor and reaction time). None of the observed physiological parameters were above the critical value. The results suggest that CFF can be treated as a psychophysical load indicator.