城市轨道交通安全评价体系研究

现阶段我国已进入城市轨道工程建设高峰期,安全事故频发。为预防城市轨道交通工程各类安全事故的发生,其安全评价工作逐步受到重视。笔者依据现行安全评价标准的要求,结合自身实际工作,对城市轨道交通工程安全预评价、试运营前安全评价、安全验收评价及运营安全现状评价工作的主要内容及评价重点进行了分析研究,提出了城市轨道交通工程安全评价体系。     

煤矿综采条件下铁路变形研究与防治

柴里煤矿在厚煤层综采放顶煤开采条件下,开展地表移动、铁路变形的研究与防治,设置地表及铁路观测站,预计铁路下沉重及变形值,制定了对铁路路基保持原貌的保护措施。因措施得当,在保证铁路路基及时恢复原貌的前提下,多回收煤炭资源36．7万t。     

铁路灾害线路通过能力损失评估模型

针对目前铁路抗灾减灾的实际需要 ,阐述了铁路灾害间接经济损失评估的重要性 ,论证了铁路灾害线路通过能力损失是铁路灾害间接经济损失的主要部分 ,并提出了铁路灾害线路通过能力损失的评估模型     

青藏铁路格拉段货运环境特殊性及安全保障体系研究

分析了青藏铁路格拉段的货运环境特殊性和格拉段铁路货运的突出特点,指出了影响格拉段铁路货物运输持续、畅通的主要原因,即铁路货运能力和货运需求的季节性波动;对青藏铁路货物运输影响极大的公路集疏运条件也存在明显的季节性波动。从实际情况出发,着重探讨保证格拉段货运安全的对策,提出了做好包含货运量的空间分布,铁路运能、公路集疏运能力和客运需求的时间分布,年度到发货运量计划的货运量的时间分布计划;以在格尔木设立大型物流中心为重点,加强有货运作业车站的仓储能力;进出藏适箱货源集装化和适当增加车站线路等措施,并构建格拉段铁路的货运安全保证体系。     

城市轨道交通运行评价指标体系

随着我国城市轨道交通的大规模建设,迫切需要开展基础理论及关键技术的研究并制定相应的建设、设计标准。必然要从运行评价指标体系入手,在保证车辆的运行安全性、平稳性和旅客的舒适性前提下,制定合理的线路设计参数,选择合理的车辆类型和轨道结构类型,从而降低工程造价,加快建设速度。笔者综述了城市轨道交通的运行评价体系,并给出了其参考取值,为城市轨道交通的建设提供了技术支持。     

A Successful Pilot Project of Decentralized Household Waste Management in Brazil

Summary Present municipal waste management paradigms in Brazil do not allow for flexible approaches to solving an extremely dynamic problem. This paper discusses the basic flaws in present thinking models of residents and municipal administrators. Fundamental arguments presented on municipal solid waste relate to nomenclature, destinations, definitions, logistics, social dynamics, social assistance programs, education and employment philosophies. In each case, the consequences of the stalemate are explained in terms of the unsustainable situation of constantly growing landfills. In sequence, a proactive thinking model is presented and explained that has the potential of drastically reducing landfill size. It is called Municipal Transit Material Processing. The model has been tested successfully in small communities and is now available for scale-up. The landfill diversion achieved stands at 62% of household waste in comparison with 15% theoretically possible in Brazil with selective collection models. Although of necessity the arguments apply directly to Brazil, the basic ideas behind the reasoning may be extrapolated to other Southern countries. The following simple example will illustrate to the reader the type of paradigm inversion the paper proposes to convey. The classical political slogan in Brazil is “get children out of garbage dumps”. The inversion proposed and explained is “do away with garbage dumps”.     

直线电机轮轨交通系统安全性分析

直线电机轮轨系统采用直线感应电机牵引 ,轮轨系统支承导向 ,是一种在技术、经济、环保方面均具有良好性能的新型城市轨道交通系统。该系统有两种主要技术模式 ,均有良好的安全运营记录。笔者介绍了系统的性能和设计特点 ;从牵引制动系统、控制系统、管理系统、养护维修系统以及防灾系统 5个方面对系统的安全性设计方法进行了总结 ;认为该系统具有良好的安全性能 ,先进的安全管理理念以及健全的安全防护系统 ;特别强调对该系统进行的安全设计研究 ,将为提高我国城市轨道交通系统的安全性提供新的思路     

邢钢铁路运输安全管理工作经验

介绍了企业运输安全管理系统预先危险性分析、预防和控制的经验。     

Latin American busways: moving people rather than cars

The rapid growth of Latin American urban centres beginning in the 1970s placed a heavy strain upon urban transport service providers. Facing high population growth from a citizenry dependent upon public transport and having limited financial resources to develop car‐based infrastructure, Latin American municipal planners were challenged to create a new transport paradigm. One ingenious response to this dilemma was the busway, a surface metro system that utilizes exclusive right‐of‐way bus lanes. The developers of the Latin American busways astutely observed that the ultimate objective was to swiftly, efficiently and cost‐effectively move people rather than cars. Examples of innovative busway systems are presented from Curitiba, Bogota, Porto Alegre, Quito and Sao Paulo. The low cost, flexibility and speed of the exclusive busways all contribute to extremely high levels of customer satisfaction. Innovative approaches to the design of busway loading stations and simplified ticketing have also helped to reduce operating costs and improve customer flows. Additionally, clear system maps, colour‐coded routing, system safety and cleanliness and superior customer service have helped direct consumer preference towards the busway. The success of busways has also proved that costly subway systems or uncontrolled sprawl are not the only options available to municipal planners. The Latin American busway corridors provide high peak capacities that permit busway corridors to serve the transit requirements of most medium‐ to large‐sized cities. When integrated with progressive land‐use policies, busways can also form the basis of more sustainable urban design by encouraging development corridors with high‐density, mixed‐use land use. The environmental benefits and calming influences afforded cities by busway systems have translated into dramatically improved levels of quality of life indicators, including improvements in health, crime reduction and poverty alleviation. The user‐friendliness and cost‐effectiveness of busway systems have convinced municipal leaders in North America, Europe and Australia to develop similar systems of their own. Latin American busways thus provide a unique example of South to North technology transfer.     

青藏铁路决策的战略环境影响识别

本文在对青藏铁路决策进行分析的基础上,论述了对青藏铁路决策进行战略环境影响识别的必要性,探讨了青藏铁路施工期和运营期的环境影响,并提出了减缓环境影响的措施。