Optimizing the horizontal structural diversity in uneven-aged northern hardwood stands

Two mathematical programming formulations are presented which allow the determination of diameter distributions that maximize the diameter class diversity in uneven-aged northern hardwood stands. Distributions generated from these models were found to be comparable from a management standpoint and could be incorporated into existing linear programming models as alternative management scenarios. The models presented here provide an initial framework for quantitatively addressing the requirements of the US National Forest Management Act in matters of diversity in the planning process.     

PM10切割器捕集效率评价装置及方法研究

PM₁₀切割器是对大气颗粒物粒径进行分离的重要部件,会影响PM₁₀监测结果的准确性.本研究通过搭建基于静态箱法的切割器捕集效率评价系统,对进口和国产的两款旋风式PM₁₀切割器的捕集效率进行了评价,通过使用标准规定的8种粒径单分散聚苯乙烯微球,测量并拟合了PM₁₀切割器的捕集效率曲线,最终获取D_a50（PM₁₀切割器的捕集效率为50%时对应的空气动力学粒径）及几何标准偏差.评价结果表明,该装置能满足PM₁₀切割器的评价需求,所评价的两个PM₁₀切割器的D_a50分别为10.43 μm和10.44 μm,性能指标均符合标准规定,且进气流量增大时,PM₁₀切割器的D_a50呈减小趋势.该研究结果对于进一步规范切割器的制造及使用具有科学意义.     

Degradation of micropolluants in flow-through VUV/UV/H2O2 reactors: Effects of H2O2 dosage and reactor internal diameter

The degradation of atrazine (ATZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and metoprolol (MET) in flow-through VUV/UV/H₂O₂ reactors was investigated with a focus on the effects of H₂O₂ dosage and reactor internal diameter (ID). Results showed that the micropollutants were degraded efficiently in the flow-through VUV/UV/H₂O₂ reactors following the pseudo first-order kinetics (R² > 0.92). However, the steady-state assumption (SSA) kinetic model being vital in batch reactors was found invalid in flow-through reactors where fluid mixing was less sufficient. With the increase of H₂O₂ dosage, the ATZ removal efficiency remained almost constant while the SMX and MET removal was enhanced to different extents, which could be explained by the different reactivities of the pollutants towards HO^?. A larger reactor ID resulted in lower degradation rate constants for all the three pollutants on account of the lower average fluence rate, but the change in energy efficiency was much more complicated. In reality, the electrical energy per order (E_EO) of the investigated VUV/UV/H₂O₂ treatments ranged between 0.14–0.20, 0.07–0.14 and 0.09–0.26 kWh/m³/order for ATZ, SMX and MET, respectively, with the lowest E_EO for each pollutant obtained under varied H₂O₂ dosages and reactor IDs. This study has demonstrated the efficiency of VUV/UV/H₂O₂ process for micropollutant removal and the inadequacy of the SSA model in flow-through reactors, and elaborated the influential mechanisms of H₂O₂ dosage and reactor ID on the reactor performances.     

炭基催化剂比表面积、孔径与硫容关系研究

取T12系列12种炭基催化剂,采用物理吸附仪测定其比表面积和孔径分布,并在相同条件下做脱硫实验测得硫容。对其比表面积、孔径与SO2吸附分子直径比值与脱硫效果的关系进行研究。结果表明:对于T12系列炭基催化剂,催化效果会随着比表面积和孔径的增加而变得更好,总比表面积超过720m2/g,孔径超过0.85nm以后,催化剂的脱硫效果反而降低。     

铬污染建筑废物清洗剂的筛选

以原海北化工厂的铬污染建筑废物为研究对象,用微波消解、碱消解-共沉淀和改良BCR顺序提取法,研究了不同粒径样品总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)以及各形态Cr的含量,探讨了6种清洗剂对样品总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)的清洗效果,最终筛选出合适的清洗剂. 结果表明:粒径对样品总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)以及各形态Cr含量的影响不显著,对样品总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)的解吸无影响. 水洗1次后,总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率分别为75.24%和77.59%;用6种清洗剂第2次清洗后,柠檬酸、高浓度盐酸和高浓度醋酸对总Cr和Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率最高,均达到94%以上,说明这3种酸可将Cr(Ⅵ)还原为Cr(Ⅲ),从而去除Cr(Ⅵ). 从经济环保角度考虑,宜选择柠檬酸作为二次清洗剂.      

小径管焊口未焊透深度射线检测特殊工艺

本文介绍了JB/T 4730.2-2005标准未能涵盖的、适用于在用压力管道的小径管焊口未焊透深度射线检测的一种特殊工艺,并配套设计了特殊的未焊透深度RT对比试块。     

森林野外火火区上的浮力流动与降雨的相互作用模型

本文是在《森林野外火火区上的浮力流动及其与一些环境气象因素关系的数值模拟》的基础上进行的。上文求解了无降雨时的气体流动情况,本文在此基础上加入了降雨模型,形成了能体现降雨与气流相互作用的程序。本文算出了不同大小的雨滴的下落过程,并能估计出多大的雨滴可落入燃烧区。     

废弃电路板湿法破碎与分选回收金属研究

为了有效破碎废弃印刷电路板,解决冲击破碎过程中气味和粉尘的二次污染问题,采用以水为介质的湿法冲击式破碎机对废弃电路板进行破碎实验研究。破碎后废弃电路板颗粒的粒度分布是以-1+0.5mm和-0.074mm粒度区间的双峰为特征的。根据电路板金属和非金属选择性分布的特性,建立了电路板破碎产物粒度分布的双峰分布函数,应用Origin7.0软件对破碎产物的双峰分布函数进行非线性拟合,相关系数R2均大于0.999,且残差E值较小。采用变径水介质分选床对破碎至-1mm粒级的废弃电路板物料进行了金属回收的实验研究,结果表明,在水流量5.5m3/h,给料速率250g/min,倾斜度为35°条件下,可获得93.92%的综合效率和93.73%的回收率。论文提出了废弃电路板"湿法冲击破碎+分级+变径分选"回收金属的创新性工艺。     

火炮身管内径检测方法研究

火炮身管技术状态,关系到火炮发射的精度以及火炮寿命状态等关键技术指标.以火炮内膛径向磨损量作为判别火炮身管寿命的方法,介绍了几种国内外典型的火炮内径测量仪器的结构、原理及工作过程.对比分析了它们的测量范围、精度等相关技术指标,并根据可操作性、适用场合等,综合阐述了它们的优缺点.最后根据部队的实际需求,提出了未来适合部队...     

活性污泥颗粒化过程中理化性状及脱氮性能的研究

在SBR反应器中对活性污泥进行颗粒化培养,研究了活性污泥在颗粒化过程中的理化性状及脱氮性能.结果表明,活性污泥颗粒化过程可以分为颗粒形成、颗粒生长和颗粒成熟3个阶段.第1阶段SVI值迅速降低,在30 d内由接种时的110mL/g降低到23 mL/g;第2阶段颗粒粒径迅速增加,在15 d内由0.25 mm增加到0.82 ...