镇江市雨水利用示范工程水量平衡计算及效益分析

针对镇江市某医院雨水利用示范工程, 结合该医院绿化和景观用水状况及过去20年的 日降雨量、蒸发量资料,建立相应的水量平衡方程,对区域内雨水利用系统收集和利用的雨 水量进行核算.结果表明,示范工程雨水收集量能够满足该区域内绿化用水、道路喷洒用水 、水面蒸发和其他损失的水量,不需要补充自来水.该系统雨水利用率达到81%,每...     

王莽岭地质公园旅游资源类型及开发建议

建立地质公园是保护地质遗迹资源、普及地学知识、促进旅游发展的一种形式.目前,地质公园旅游资源的不合理开发给公园的可持续发展造成了巨大压力.以山西陵川王莽岭国家地质公园为例,对公园内地质遗迹资源类型进行了系统论述,对人文资源和植物资源进行了概括.针对公园建设和资源开发现状,重点提出了地质遗迹保护和旅游资源开发建议.     

农业资源开发产业四维旋度循环经济发展模式研究—一以黑龙江省为例

为了定性分析农业资源开发产业,基于循环经济模式的发展方向,以黑龙江省为例,并以资源旋度场所带来的经济增加值为主要测度目标,建立以资源循环旋度、农业产业集群周期、旋度激励政策激励与经济产值增量为自变因子的四维坐标体系,分析黑龙江省农业资源开发产业的循环经济发展模式.在忽略产生较大政策扭曲情况下,得出其升级路径具有类似圆锥螺旋线方程的爬升性质,且资源旋度为主要可控激励源.结合产业集群生命周期理论,给出关键升级节点的匹配政策建议.     

基于低碳经济的能源资源协调发展的研究

能源是经济发展的命脉。经济和能源的协调发展是社会发展的原动力。经济发展离开能源的基础,那将是无源之水,无本之木。所以,经济和能源应该协调发展,社会才能稳步前进。发展低碳经济是利用先进的技术和有效的管理方法与手段,保护资源,保护环境,实现社会和经济的可持续化发展的必由之路;是我国经济发展方式转型,产业结构调整过程中必须完成的紧迫任务之一。世界产业结构的变动,必然影响到开放度不断加大的我国,正是在这样的背景下,我国的煤炭及其他矿产品的出口不断增长。在我国融人经济全球化的过程中,要注意在接受国际产业结构调整对我国经济发展有利影响的同时,要用低碳经济的发展战略模式,避免消极影响危及我国经济的长期、根本利益。应该在这个大前提下,对我国自然资源进行有计划的开发和提高自然资源的有效利用。实现可持续发展已经成为中国社会经济发展的一个重要基本方针,可持续发展不仅要强调对环境的保护,而且应包括如何解决在人口已经高度密集,人均资源相对匮乏,自然生态环境已经十分脆弱的条件下,如何实现经济的长期高速发展,同时又要保护环境的这样一个史无前例的社会实践问题。低碳经济和能源资源的协调发展就成了解决这一问题的必经之路。能源既是重要的必不可少的经济发展和社会生活的物质前提,又是现实的重要污染来源,解决好我国的能源可持续发展战略问题,是实现我国社会经济可持续发展的重要环节。     

Water Supply and Stormwater Management Benefits of Residential Rainwater Harvesting in U.S. Cities

This article presents an analysis of the projected performance of urban residential rainwater harvesting systems in the United States (U.S.). The objectives are to quantify for 23 cities in seven climatic regions (1) water supply provided from rainwater harvested at a residential parcel and (2) stormwater runoff reduction from a residential drainage catchment. Water‐saving efficiency is determined using a water‐balance approach applied at a daily time step for a range of rainwater cistern sizes. The results show that performance is a function of cistern size and climatic pattern. A single rain barrel (190 l [50 gal]) installed at a residential parcel is able to provide approximately 50% water‐saving efficiency for the nonpotable indoor water demand scenario in cities of the East Coast, Southeast, Midwest, and Pacific Northwest, but <30% water‐saving efficiency in cities of the Mountain West, Southwest, and most of California. Stormwater management benefits are quantified using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model. The results indicate that rainwater harvesting can reduce stormwater runoff volume up to 20% in semiarid regions, and less in regions receiving greater rainfall amounts for a long‐term simulation. Overall, the results suggest that U.S. cities and individual residents can benefit from implementing rainwater harvesting as a stormwater control measure and as an alternative source of water.     

A System Dynamics Model for Conjunctive Management of Water Resources in the Snake River Basin

The Pacific Northwest is expected to witness changes in temperature and precipitation due to climate change. In this study, we enhance the Snake River Planning Model (SRPM) by modeling the feedback loop between incidental recharge and surface water supply resulting from surface water and groundwater extraction for irrigation and provide a case study involving climate change impacts and management scenarios. The new System Dynamics‐Snake River Planning Model (SD‐SRPM) is calibrated to flow at Box Canyon Springs located along a major outlet of the East Snake Plain Aquifer. A calibration of the model to flow at Box Canyon Springs, based on historic diversions (1950‐1995) resulted in an r² value of 0.74 and a validation (1996‐2005) r² value of 0.60. After adding irrigation entities to the model an r² value of 0.91, 0.88, and 0.87 were maintained for modeled vs. observed (1991‐2005) end‐of‐month reservoir content in Jackson Lake, Palisades, and American Falls, the three largest irrigation reservoirs in the system. The scenarios that compared the impacts of climate change were based on ensemble mean precipitation change scenarios and estimated changes to crop evapotranspiration (ET). Increased ET, despite increased precipitation, generally increased surface water shortages and discharge of springs. This study highlights the need to develop and implement models that integrate the human‐natural system to understand the impacts of climate change.     

Environmental management policy in a coastal tourism municipality: the case study of Cervia (Italy)

The sustainability concept applied to human activities implies the need to harmonise the protection of environment with a satisfactory economic and social development. This is particularly true for tourism development: a misuse of the natural resources can cause a degradation of the tourist appeal of the destination, bringing it finally to its economic decline. This problem is particularly important in coastal tourism destinations. The implementation of an environmental management system is a powerful way for progressing towards better environmental performances. In this paper, the main results obtained in applying the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme procedure to the municipality of Cervia, a well-known tourist destination located on the Adriatic coast of Italy are described. This research puts into evidence that the main environmental pressures in the summer season are related to the supply of potable water, the production of solid wastes and wastewater air pollution and noise, etc. However, if correctly planned and managed, tourism can also contribute to environmental protection, to the conservation of biodiversity and to a sustainable use of natural resources.     

互联网上的水土保持信息资源

互联网上有大量的水土保持信息资源,其内容极为丰富,但要从这大量的信息中快速获得所需要的信息却很困难。文章介绍了国内外主要水土保持信息资源的网址及有关水土保持电子论坛、水土保持专利等方面的信息交流与检索途径,并在此基础上对水土保持信息资源的应用及发展前景提出建议。     

生物技术与植物纤维性废弃资源的综合利用

禾谷类作物的秸秆、棉籽壳、椰子壳、甘蔗渣、菠萝和香蕉叶等农业废弃物含有丰富的生物纤维,是一种可再生和再利用的植物纤维性资源。生物纤维是食品、医药、纺织、造纸、复合材料和精细化工等工业的重要原料。全球每年所产农业废弃物中生物纤维总量约2×10¹¹t,我国每年可产农作物秸秆约6×10⁸t,蔗渣和蔗梢约2000×10⁴t,油料秸秆约3000×10⁴t。生物技术的发展极大地促进了农业废弃物中生物纤维资源的开发和综合利用,催生了多种新型环境友好的“绿色”工业。论文分析了农业废弃物中生物纤维的理化特性以及工业化应用价值及途径,重点论述生物技术在以植物纤维性资源为原料生产单细胞蛋白、酶制剂、乳酸、木糖醇、生物可降解复合材料、燃料酒精和生物电能等方面的研发进展,并讨论植物纤维性资源综合利用目前存在的问题和挑战以及发展前景。     

西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区变化监测

以第一次全国地理国情普查与基础性地理国情监测数据为数据源,开展西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区内2015、2016、2017、2018年自然保护区建设与管理情况监测,分别从人工地物、林草资源、露天采掘场等方面进行统计,分析人类活动对自然保护区内的生态系统胁迫以及区内生态恢复情况等。