The design and use of strategic planning arenas

This paper takes a close look at communication, process, power and institutional arrangements in the context of strategic planning. It introduces an eight step process for structuring strategic thinking and acting and develops the concept of “arenas” as a very influential — yet often very subtle — exercise of power over the course of a strategic planning process.     

EVALUATION OF CONSUMER NOTIFICATION UNDER THE SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT1

ABSTRACT: The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 as amended in 1986 requires that consumers be notified when maximum contaminant levels are exceeded in their community water supply and when prescribed testing and treatment procedures are not met. A review of communication theory indicates that for the message to be effective (1) it must be received by the intended audience, (2) it must be attended to by that audience, (3) it must be understood, and (4) it must be accepted and acted upon. A review and analysis of existing research evaluating notification programs administered under the Safe Drinking Water Act indicates (1) that receipt rates have been highly, variable, (2) that attention to the message has usually not been directly assessed, (3) that levels of understanding, while variable, have usually been minimal, and (4) that acceptance, though not often directly measured, seemed higher than expected. These results, while critical of past notification programs, indicate that understanding and acceptance can be increased if receipt and attention rates are increased. The paper concludes with a series of recommendations for improving receipt and attention rates, for increasing understanding, and, most importantly, for increasing acceptance and community action for upgrading local water treatment and quality.     

城市防洪堤坝适时适度维护的经济决策方法

本文应用最优控制理论，提出了城市防洪堤坝适时适度维护的经济决策模型。在一定条件下，给出堤坝最优反馈维护决策方法，并给出了一个简单的算例，说明了该法的应用和经济效益。     

加油站定量和定性系统安全评价

论述加油站系统单元划分方法,研究加油站工艺过程,认为事故发生的原因一方面是由于系统各单元危险源的存在和控制措施的不完善,另一方面是由于工艺过程系统节点参数(流量、压力、温度等)发生有效偏差和偏差的传递造成的。针对上述两方面原因,首先从系统安全的角度,将加油站系统划分为5部分,并应用安全检查表方法对各子系统进行了定性安全评价;然后将工艺过程划分为6个节点,应用模糊危险与可操作性研究Fuzzy-HAZOP方法,对各个节点发生有效偏差的原因进行了定量的系统安全分析,并得到半定量化结果;最终从定性和定量两个方面完成了加油站系统安全评价。     

库水作用下公路岸坡灾害风险分析理论体系

通过对线性工程特征的分析，首先提出了针对大型线性工程风险评价的线评价（或带状评价）的概念，并对其涵义进行了分析。然后以公路岸坡这类大型的线性工程为例，提出了库水作用下公路岸坡灾害风险分析的基本定义，并结合公路不同勘察阶段的目的、任务、要求等方面的差别，阐明了线评价的特征并建立了相应的风险分析理论体系。最后，通过对岸坡灾害类型及承灾体特征的研究，建立了相应的危险性与易损性评价指标体系，同时还对岸坡灾害风险防治体系进行了初步探讨。     

Integrity and Cynicism: Possibilities and Constraints of Moral Communication

Paying thorough attention to cynical action and integrity could result in a less naive approach to ethics and moral communication. This article discusses the issues of integrity and cynicism on a theoretical and on a more practical level. The first part confronts Habermas’s approach of communicative action with Sloterdijk’s concept of cynical reason. In the second part, the focus will be on the constraints and possibilities of moral communication within a business context. Discussing the corporate integrity approach of Kaptein and Wempe will provide this focus. Their approach can be considered as a valuable contribution to the question of how to deal with (dilemmas of) conflicting interests, open discussion, fairness, and strategic decision-making in the context of stakeholder dialog. However, it is concluded that Kaptein and Wempe seem to overstretch the concept of corporate integrity by their inclination to make it an all-purpose remedy for corporate dilemmas.     

我国煤炭行业潜在危机与现实矿难的成因和对策

针对我国煤炭行业矿难频发,尚未有效遏制的现状,从对行业现实矿难的统计数据和潜在危机的现象分析入手,运用系统理论的观点,根据煤炭行业的复杂系统特征进一步分析危机和矿难形成的原因和机理。笔者认为,煤炭系统的危机和矿难是由系统运行过程中的矛盾和风险演变而来的,行业内部结构失衡是危机形成的内在因素,造成系统处于病态运行状态、危机潜伏;能源需求的非理性是危机形成的外部因素,造成系统病态运行加剧、危机加重;矿难则是处于危机状态的煤炭系统运行过程中剧烈波动而产生的突发危机事件。根据分析和研究所得的结论,提出必须纳入煤炭内部系统、纳入国家能源系统和宏观经济系统中,对煤炭行业危机和矿难进行多层次宏观层面的调控并采取新的对策。     

道路交通事故预防研究体系探讨

针对目前对道路交通事故的预防研究仍停留于技术装备研发、事故起因分析、预防措施探讨的层面,缺乏从整个体系的层面对道路交通事故预防的内在机制与结构框架进行分析和讨论的现状。笔者提出,沿着事故预防体系规划、事故预防管理、事故预防实施为横向研究轴,以规划、管理、实施各阶段的理论体系、技术体系与管理实施体系为纵向探研轴,并在纵横研究的基础上对各子体系间相互关系及各体系的具体研究内容及框架结构进行了分析讨论,从而从体系框架上对道路交通事故预防的研究内容及层次结构予以搭建界定。该体系的建立为现实道路交通事故预防系统的规划、设计、管理与实施提供了参考与依据。     

甲苯废气的生物净化性能与动力学模拟研究

以轻质陶块为填料，探讨了生物膜填料塔净化处理高气体流量负荷下低浓度甲苯废气的生物降解性能。实验结果表明：生物膜填料塔对甲苯具有较强的降解能力，净化效率维持在40．6％～61．9％；随着气体流量负荷和入口气体甲苯浓度负荷的增加．甲苯的净化效率也随之下降。结合实验数据对“吸附-生物膜”理论的动力学模式进行模拟研究，对比验证结果表明：动力学模拟计算值和实验值之间均有很好的拟合性，从而验证了该模型的正确性。