模仿神经元网络抗扰特性的电磁防护仿生研究

目的研究神经元在噪声干扰环境下信息处理的抗扰特性,为电磁防护仿生研究提供有益借鉴。方法利用Hodgkin-Huxley模型建模神经元电信号的产生,结合S空间编码理论分析神经信息的表达。在此基础之上,研究神经信息处理在噪声干扰环境下的抗扰特性。建立具有噪声耦合方式的神经元数学模型,并在不同噪声强度下,计算神经元输出电信号对输入刺激的S空间编码,讨论噪声对编码的影响。结果在S空间中,神经元将输入刺激信号编码成符号序列,符号序列间的排序关系与输入信号频率间的排序关系所对应。输入噪声能够改变符号序列的值,但并没有改变符号序列间的排序关系,从而不会影响神经元在S空间中所表达的信息。结论 S空间编码是神经元抵御输入噪声干扰的一种重要机制,值得电子系统借鉴,以提高其抗扰能力。     

基于网络数据的城市夜间旅游游客体验研究

以北京、西安、重庆、苏州、广州5个城市为样本,依据具身理论,从游客体验的角度探究了这5个城市夜间旅游的发展情况。结果表明:①游客对5个城市的情感倾向于中性和正向,说明游客对这5个城市夜间旅游的整体感知是基本满意的。②游客在这5个城市开展夜间旅游活动时,社会人文类的旅游目的地比自然禀赋类的旅游目的地更吸引游客。③集食、游、娱多功能于一体的旅游目的地对夜间旅游游客的吸引力大。④旅游体验感知包括景观体验感知、身体体验感知和环境体验感知,旅游体验感知对游客的夜间旅游地选择与价值内化具有较大影响。     

基于生态安全格局的国土空间生态修复关键区域识别——以吉林省松原市为例

为了在生态文明建设背景下,从生态系统完整性和结构连通性角度识别生态修复关键区域,以吉林省松原市为研究区,综合运用MSPA分析､景观连通性评价和电路理论,构建生态安全格局,识别松原市国土空间生态修复关键区域.结果表明:松原市共识别生态源地9处,面积为787.95km²,以水域及草地为主,对区域生态安全起着至关重要的作用;识别生态廊道23条,一级廊道16条,二级廊道7条,全长1458.18km;基于生态安全格局识别松原市国土空间生态修复关键区域,包括生态夹点16处,面积180.70km²,生态障碍点24处,面积298.11km².综合分析生态修复关键区域空间分布和土地利用现状,并提出针对性生态修复策略.     

CVM在中国资源环境价值评估中的应用

条件价值评估法（CVM）是获取资源环境等公共物品或服务全部价值的有效方法.我国引入CVM时间较短,仍处于应用相关理论、模仿各种评估方法的阶段,在问卷设计、情景描述、价值引导技术选择、模型应用及可靠性和有效性论证等方面缺少科学指导.本文从理论、方法及实践视角对CVM进行了系统梳理和总结,尤其补充了考虑受访者不确定性偏好的随机价值理论及价值引导技术选择问题.未来研究中,我国应加强CVM理论和方法体系的改进、进行多地区大规模调查、开展不同价值引导技术的比较研究、重视不确定性偏差的影响及结果的可靠性和有效性验证.     

基于排队论的反无人机集群武器部署优化方法

目的 对多层防线中反无人机集群武器进行部署,得到同时满足来袭无人机集群指定突防概率条件下防空武器总数量最小化和拦截成本最低化的部署优化方法。方法 立足我国当前军事形势,采用效能分析中常用的排队论模型,将来袭无人机集群中的每个作战单元视为泊松流,对多层防线层层建模。将防空武器总数量和防御成本作为优化目标,提出了最小防空武器总数量的“理想区”模型和最低防御成本的“最优解”。结果 根据模型求解得到了无人机集群通过各层防线时的未被射击概率、最终突防概率和突防后密度,得到了满足指定突防概率为0.1的条件下,防空武器总数量最小和防御成本最低的组合。结论 在本文案例中,随着中程、近程防空武器数量的增加,无人机集群突防概率呈现出“前快后慢”的变化趋势,当远程、中程和近程防空武器数量分别为1、5、3套时,防空武器总数量最小,对单个来袭目标防御成本达到最低,为89.2万元,并且满足不大于0.1的来袭无人机集群突防概率要求。     

Fuzzy Logic Model for the performance benchmarking of sugar plants by considering best available techniques

This paper deals with the problem of performance benchmarking of traditional beet sugar plants, by considering Best Available Techniques (BAT) for beet sugar production, as determined by the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive. A Fuzzy Logic Model, based on fuzzy set theory, was constructed for this purpose, in order to compare the performances of sugar plants within the sector's best standards, as expressed in the Reference Document on BAT.The effectiveness of the model was tested in the case study, in which three sugar plants were benchmarked against the BAT regarding the consumption of energy, water, raw materials and the production of wastes, wastewater, by-products and the main product. The model was recognized as helpful for the benchmarking needs of sugar plants. In addition, by integrating BAT Reference Document analysis into the model, it provides IPPC permitting authorities with an objective method and uniform BAT benchmarks to manage permitting process.     

三种生产论：可持续发展的基本理论

本文通过研究人与环境的辩证关系，提出了物质生产、人的生产和环境生产是可持续发展系统的基本模型，分析了三种生产之间的和谐关系，并对深化环境影响评价、开展环境建设、建立新伙伴关系等问题进行了探讨。     

新型旋流-扰流絮凝反应工艺的试验研究

本在对絮凝理论分析的基础上，设计了几种不同扰流形式的旋流扰流絮凝反应器。通过试验对其絮凝效果进行了分析和比较，找出了比较合理的絮凝器结构。这对于研制开发新型絮凝反应器，发挥新型絮凝剂的效能，提高出水水质，保证供水安全具有十分重要的现实意义。     

三种生产理论在北方荒漠化地区人地系统分析中的应用

本文运用可持续发展的“三种生产”理论，对我国北方荒漠化地区的人地系统进行了解析，指出人口生产的膨胀、物质生产的低效率和环境生产的萎缩，以及由此造成的三种生产系统之间支撑与制约机制的破坏，是导致我国北方荒漠化不断扩展的根本原因。     

Effects of life history and reproduction on recruitment time lags in reintroductions of rare plants

Reintroductions are important components of conservation and recovery programs for rare plant species, but their long-term success rates are poorly understood. Previous reviews of plant reintroductions focused on short-term (e.g., ≤3 years) survival and flowering of founder individuals rather than on benchmarks of intergenerational persistence, such as seedling recruitment. However, short-term metrics may obscure outcomes because the unique demographic properties of reintroductions, including small size and unstable stage structure, could create lags in population growth. We used time-to-event analysis on a database of unusually well-monitored and long-term (4–28 years) reintroductions of 27 rare plant species to test whether life-history traits and population characteristics of reintroductions create time-lagged responses in seedling recruitment (i.e., recruitment time lags [RTLs]), an important benchmark of success and indicator of persistence in reintroduced populations. Recruitment time lags were highly variable among reintroductions, ranging from <1 to 17 years after installation. Recruitment patterns matched predictions from life-history theory with short-lived species (fast species) exhibiting consistently shorter and less variable RTLs than long-lived species (slow species). Long RTLs occurred in long-lived herbs, especially in grasslands, whereas short RTLs occurred in short-lived subtropical woody plants and annual herbs. Across plant life histories, as reproductive adult abundance increased, RTLs decreased. Highly variable RTLs were observed in species with multiple reintroduction events, suggesting local processes are just as important as life-history strategy in determining reintroduction outcomes. Time lags in restoration outcomes highlight the need to scale success benchmarks in reintroduction monitoring programs with plant life-history strategies and the unique demographic properties of restored populations. Drawing conclusions on the long-term success of plant reintroduction programs is premature given that demographic processes in species with slow life-histories take decades to unfold.