环保型二次锌电极的研究

为了保护环境 ,减小污染 ,节约金属资源 ,十分有必要研究和开发环保型二次锌电极。本文提出了在表面覆盖稀土氢氧化物膜的二次锌电极的新思想 ,首先利用恒电位电解的方法在电极表面成功地覆盖一层均匀致密的稀土氢氧化物膜 ,再用恒电位电解、循环伏安、模拟充放电等实验方法 ,全面考察了稀土氢氧化物膜对锌电极可充性的影响。实验结果表明 :在锌电极表面成膜后 ,可以显著地抑制充电过程中的枝晶生长 ,又在电解液中加入枝晶抑制剂 ( CTMB) ,最后达到了令人满意的效果 ;同时 ,成膜还能有效地缓解锌电极在充放电过程中的容量损失。在整个实验过程中 ,完全去掉了传统的锌电极添加剂——有毒的汞 ,从而为研究和开发实用的环保型二次锌电极提供了一条新的途径     

简述煤中微量元素的环境学研究进展

分析了煤中微量元素研究的意义和必要性,叙述了国内外对煤中微量元素研究的历史和现状,以及煤中微量元素的析出机理,提出煤中微量元素在生态环境中的迁移和环境效应是今后研究的主要方向。     

土壤里的微量元素与土壤肥力变异因子关系分析

运用主成分分析选取土壤肥力变异因子。三个主成分的累积贡献率达85．21％，分别命名为：有机质因子、酸碱度因子、质地因子。将各样品的主成分因子得分作为自变量．土壤微量元素含量作为因变量，进行逐步回归分析，得到回归方程。根据方程的回归系数大小可以评价各肥力变异因子对土壤微量元素累积和迁移的作用大小。     

稀土系列催化剂对焦化废水的催化湿式氧化

以稀土元素Ce制得催化剂系列 ,在高温高压条件下对焦化废水进行催化湿式氧化研究 ,考察载体、焙烧温度、活性组分的配比对催化剂的催化活性的影响以及反应温度、氧气分压、反应时间和催化剂用量对氧化过程的影响 ,设计正交实验确定最佳的工艺参数反应温度为 2 4 0℃、氧气分压 3 .0MPa ,催化剂用量 30 g/L ,此时废水的COD去除率达到 90 %以上。     

纳板河自然保护区珍稀濒危植物优先保护顺序

西双版纳纳板河自然保护区分布有３３种国家重点保护的珍稀濒危植物。我们采用（１）种群数量；（２）种群结构；（３）物种特有程度；（４）具有科研或经济价值的物种；（５）特别考虑种（单种属种）５项指标，通过实地考察和查阅有关资料，确定了该保护区３３种国家重点保护的珍稀濒危植物的优先保护顺序。     

中低产水稻土障碍类型图编制雏议——以广东博罗县龙溪镇为例

中低产水稻土障碍类型图是通过各种不同形状的图斑与符号,反映区域内中低产水稻土的障碍因素、土壤环境、土壤物理和土壤化学性质的空间分布状况。本文是编制1:5万中低产水稻土障碍类型图的初步偿试。通过对37个具有代表性的中低产水稻土障碍性剖面的实地勘查、119个样品的理化分析结果,以及参考有关的图件资料,运用野外考察及室内分析的方法进行制图。该障碍类型图,可为区域中低产水稻土的改良利用提供科学依据。     

Carbon dioxide adsorption behaviors of aluminum-pillared montmorillonite-supported alkaline earth metals

The Al-pillared montmorillonite-supported alkaline earth metal 5M/Al-PILC (PILC = pillared clay, M = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) and xMg/Al-PILC (x = 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt.%) samples were prepared using an impregnation method. Physical properties of the materials were determined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N₂ adsorption-desorption, and their CO₂ adsorption behaviors were investigated using the thermogravimetric analyzer (TG), CO₂ temperature-programmed desorption (CO₂-TPD), and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared transform spectroscopy (in situ-DRIFTS) techniques. It is shown that 5Mg/Al-PILC possessed the highest CO₂ adsorption capacity (2.559 mmol/g). The characterization results indicate that Al-pillaring increased the specific surface area of montmorillonite, which was beneficial for the adsorption of CO₂. The CO₂ adsorption process on the sample was mainly chemical adsorption, and alkalinity was the main factor influencing its adsorption capacity. The alkalinity of the sample was enhanced by loading an appropriate amount of alkaline earth metal, and the adsorbed CO₂ was present in the form of bicarbonate and carbonate. In addition, the 5Mg/Al-PILC sample exhibited an excellent regeneration efficiency. We believe that the outcome of this research would provide a good option for developing highly effective CO₂ adsorption materials.     

Relationships between chemical elements of PM2.5 and O3 in Shanghai atmosphere based on the 1-year monitoring observation

Mass level of fine particles (PM_2.5) in main cities in China has decreased significantly in recent years due to implementation of Chinese Clean Air Action Plan since 2013, however, O₃ pollution is getting worse than before, especially in megacities such as in Shanghai. In this work, O₃ and PM_2.5 were continuously monitored from May 27, 2018 to March 31, 2019. Our data showed that the annual average concentration of PM_2.5 and O₃ (O₃-8 hr, maximum 8-hour moving average of ozone days) was 39.35 ± 35.74 and 86.49 ± 41.65 µg/m³, respectively. The concentrations of PM_2.5 showed clear seasonal trends, with higher concentrations in winter (83.36 ± 18.66 µg/m³) and lower concentrations in summer (19.85 ± 7.23 µg/m³), however, the seasonal trends of O₃ were different with 103.75 ± 41.77 µg/m³ in summer and 58.59 ± 21.40 µg/m³ in winter. Air mass backward trajectory, analyzing results of potential source contribution function model and concentration weighted trajectory model implied that pollutants from northwestern China contributed significantly to the mass concentration of Shanghai PM_2.5, while pollutants from areas of eastern coastal provinces and South China Sea contributed significantly to the mass level of ozone in Shanghai atmosphere. Mass concentration of twenty-one elements in the PM_2.5 were investigated, and their relationships with O₃ were analyzed. Mass level of ozone had good correlation with that of Ba (r = 0.64, p < 0.05) and V (r = 0.30, p > 0.05), suggesting vehicle emission pollutants contribute to the increasing concentration of ozone in Shanghai atmosphere.     

郑州市两次典型大气重污染过程成因分析

于2017年11月21~29日利用在线金属分析仪及气象仪器在郑州大学站点进行连续观测,识别郑州市秋冬季节典型灰霾重污染爆发的成因.结果表明：观测期间采样点大气PM_2.5中As,Mn,Fe,Cu和Zn等元素浓度相比其他城市较高;基于气象数据统计分析可知,来自郑州市东北方向污染气团的传输,以及低风速、高湿度的静稳天气造成的本地排放污染物积聚是这两次重污染形成的主要气象因素;同时,利用正矩阵因子分解法（PMF）定量解析出观测期间主要贡献源：扬尘源（36.8%）,机动车源（27.6%）,工业源（21.0%）和燃烧源（14.6%）.其中,扬尘源在清洁天的贡献占比较高,而重污染期间机动车源和燃烧源的贡献显著增大.     

水泥粉尘对农田土壤污染的环境磁学响应

为了探索水泥工业生产与厂周围农田土壤环境变迁之间的关系,在安徽省凤阳县水泥工业区周围农田内采集了麦地土壤和3条测线(EW、N-W、N-S)上稻田土壤,对土壤样品及水泥粉尘的磁学参数和金属元素(Al、Fe、K、Ca、Mg、Na、Cr、Ba、Mn、Zn)含量进行了测量.结果显示,两类土壤样品的磁学性质主要由磁铁矿控制,磁性矿物含量高于土壤母质参考值、低于水泥粉尘,磁性矿物粒径介于土壤母质和水泥粉尘之间.麦地土壤样品中Ca、Zn含量的平均值(85.4 g·kg~(-1)、101.0 mg·kg~(-1))高于3条测线上稻田土壤的平均值(10.6 g·kg~(-1)、51.0 mg·kg~(-1)(E-W);11.0g·kg~(-1)、68.0 mg·kg~(-1)(N-S);8.9 g·kg~(-1)、55.6 mg·kg~(-1)(N-W)),且大幅高于土壤母质参考值(5.9 g·kg~(-1)、29.9 mg·kg~(-1)),但低于水泥粉尘的值(344.0 g·kg~(-1)、110.3 mg·kg~(-1)).内梅罗指数PN结果显示,麦地土壤样品呈现出重度污染(5PN20),3条测线上稻田土壤样品呈现出轻度污染到中度污染的特征(1PN3),离水泥厂越近污染越严重.所有土壤样品的磁学参数χ、SIRM、χARM与PN存在显著正相关关系(r=0.918、0.944、0.968).因此,磁学参数χ、SIRM、χARM可以作为农田土壤被水泥粉尘污染程度的指示.