汽车排气净化催化剂综合性能的研究

对HR-1型稀土复合氧化物催化剂进行了活性评价,实验结果表明,该催化剂具有良好的温度和空速特性,耐高温性能好;经60000km行车使用后,催化剂仍保持良好的活性;对行车后的催化剂进行了综合分析,说明HR-1型催化剂在一定程度上能够经受燃油带入的铅、磷、锌等物质的侵袭;高温热冲击所造成的催化剂比表面的减少乃是催化剂性能降低的主要原因.     

以飞灰为载体的金属氧化物催化剂脱硝研究

以飞灰作为催化剂的载体 ,担载Fe、Cu、V、Ni等过渡金属作为活性成分制成脱硝催化剂 .对飞灰作为载体的催化剂进行了各种表征分析 ,考察了催化剂的制备条件对脱硝效率的影响 .利用固定床反应装置进行了催化脱硝实验研究 ,结果发现 ,飞灰作为脱硝催化剂的载体是可行的 ,其中担载Cu作为活性成分时脱硝效率最好 ,在温度为 2 70℃时NO的转化率达90 %以上 .最后 ,对活性炭和页岩灰作载体时的催化脱硝特性进行了对比研究 ,发现飞灰的催化活性仅次于活性炭 ,而页岩灰的活性最差 .     

Metals and metalloid bioconcentrations in the tissues of Typha latifolia grown in the four interconnected ponds of a domestic landfill site

The uptake of metals in roots and their transfer to rhizomes and above-ground plant parts (stems, leaves) of cattails (Typha latifolia L.) were studied in leachates from a domestic landfill site (Etueffont, France) and treated in a natural lagooning system. Plant parts and corresponding water and sediment samples were taken at the inflow and outflow points of the four ponds at the beginning and at the end of the growing season. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn in the different compartments were estimated and their removal efficiency assessed, reaching more than 90% for Fe, Mn and Ni in spring and fall as well in the water compartment. The above- and below-ground cattail biomass varied from 0.21 to 0.85, and 0.34 to 1.24 kg dry weight/m², respectively, the highest values being recorded in the fourth pond in spring 2011. The root system was the first site of accumulation before the rhizome, stem and leaves. The highest metal concentration was observed in roots from cattails growing at the inflow of the system''s first pond. The trend in the average trace element concentrations in the cattail plant organs can generally be expressed as: Fe > Mn > As > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Cd for both spring and fall. While T. latifolia removes trace elements efficiently from landfill leachates, attention should also be paid to the negative effects of these elements on plant growth.     

北京地区不同城镇污水处理厂堆肥污泥的营养含量和重金属污染

研究了北京地区不同城镇污水处理厂堆肥污泥(以A、B型表示)的营养含量变化和重金属污染状况.结果表明,A、B型堆肥污泥的p H、营养成分、微量元素和重金属含量因污泥来源和年份而异.其中,A型堆肥污泥不同年份的有机质平均值为203 338.0 mg·kg-1,达到了《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置-农用泥质》(CJ/T 309-2009)和《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置-土地改良用泥质》(GB/T 24600-2009)中的标准要求,但未达到《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置-园林绿化用泥质》(GB/T 23486-2009)中的标准;而B型堆肥污泥不同年份的有机质平均值为298 531.5 mg·kg-1,A、B型堆肥污泥不同年份的p H平均值分别为7.1和7.2以及氮磷钾总养分(N+P2O5+K2O)平均值分别为41 111.7 mg·kg-1和65 901.5 mg·kg-1,均达到以上各城镇污水处理厂污泥处置类型的标准限值要求.除了Hg、Ni含量存在超标现象外,A、B型堆肥污泥中的重金属含量均低于我国最为严格的《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置-农用泥质》中A级污泥的标准限值.总体而言,北京地区不同城镇污水处理厂堆肥污泥在今后的农用、土地改良以及园林绿化处置中,存在潜在的Hg、Ni环境污染状况,须优先关注.     

鼻咽癌与土壤环境中化学元素的相关性研究

利用土壤元素数据２０６９４４８个,鼻咽癌死亡调查资料２２５６０例,研究了鼻咽癌死亡率与土壤环境中６１个元素质量分数的相关性。结果表明,汞、铅、硒、针、锡、钛、钽、溴、碘元素质量分数与鼻咽癌死亡率呈非常显著的正相关;铪元素质量分数与鼻咽癌死亡率呈显著的正相关;铟、镱、镥、铀、锆、铋、碲元素质量分数与鼻咽癌死亡率呈较显著的正相关。锰、钠、镁、钙、锶元素质量分数与鼻咽癌死亡率呈非常显著的负相关;钾、钡元素质量分数与鼻咽癌死亡率呈较显著的负相关。钒、铷、铯、银、铝、镓、铊、钪、钇、镧、铈、钕、钆、镝、钬、铒、铥、钼、钨、铁、砷、镉、钴、铬、铜、氟、镍、锌、锂、铍、硼、镨、钐、铕、铽、锗、锑元素质量分数与鼻咽癌死亡率无明显的相关性。     

稀土对沙田柚叶片营养和果实品质与产量的效应

试验结果表明,适量施用稀土可提高沙田柚树体对营养元素的吸收,促进养分平衡,从而可提高沙田柚座果率和产量,而且对柚果还有增糖降酸的效果。因此,适时适量施用稀土对提高沙田柚产量和品质均有积极的意义。     

安全优质饮用水

水中的微量元素是人体微量元素的主要来源,而且饮用水的硬度和总溶解性固体和当地居民心脏病的死亡率有确定的正相关性。ＴＤＳ越高,心脏病发作率越少。健康的水应是去除了有机微污染,三致物质,病原菌,病毒和病原原生动物的,并且含有适量微量元素和矿物质的安全和有益于健康的水。     

地球自转不规则变化与苏皖及其附近地区中强地震的相关性

地球自转不规则变化的加速段与苏皖及其附近地区中强地震的相关性较好。用周期图分析的拟合曲线外推至 2 0 2 0年 ,可见这次地球自转不规则变化加速段将持续到 2 0 0 4年左右。因此 ,苏皖及其附近地区中强地震活动将持续到 2 0 0 4～ 2 0 0 5年左右。根据美国NEOS提供的数据 ,目前地球自转确在加速段。     

Differential Pulse Polarographic Analysis of Lead and Chromium Content in Louisiana Waters

In this investigation, polarographic analyses of water, sediment, and animal samples from Devil's Swamp near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, have been conducted. The focus of this work has been on detection of lead and chromium levels. Lead has been found to be relatively uniformly distributed among the various size fractions of the sediment and is present at a mean level of 18.7 µg g^-1. In the water the concentration is about 15 µg L^-1 of which 75% is bound in suspended particulates and the remainder is dissolved. Preliminary results indicate that more chromium than lead is present in bone and muscle of bullfrogs, and, for each metal, there is a higher concentration in muscle than bone. The mean lead muscle tissue concentration is 550 µg kg^-1, which suggests that bioaccumulation of this metal is occurring, assuming that water contact or ingestion are the main routes of exposure. An important aspect of this research has been optimizing polarographic methodology for performing chromium speciation studies. Methods for determining the amounts of hexavalent and trivalent chromium in mixtures containing the two have been developed.     

Remediation of metal contaminated soil with mineral-amended composts

This study examined the use of two composts derived from green waste and sewage sludge, amended with minerals (clinoptilolite or bentonite), for the remediation of metal-contaminated brownfield sites to transform them into greenspace. Soils contaminated with high or low levels of metals were mixed with the mineral-enhanced composts at different ratios and assessed by leaching tests, biomass production and metal accumulation of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The results showed that the green waste compost reduced the leaching of Cd and Zn up to 48% whereas the composted sewage sludge doubled the leachate concentration of Zn. However, the same soil amended with composted sewage sludge showed an efficient reduction in plant concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb or Zn by up to 80%. The results suggest that metal immobilisation and bioavailability are governed by the formation of complexes between the metals and organic matter. The amendment with minerals had only limited effects.