稀土催化臭氧氧化法降解印染废水的研究

以硅酸钠为原料,含稀土的盐酸为溶剂,采用化学沉淀法制备了二氧化硅负载型稀土催化剂。实验结果表明,最佳制备工艺条件为硅酸钠浓度0.3 mol/L、盐酸浓度1.0 mol/L、表面活性剂选用十二烷基苯磺酸钠、稀土投加量0.1 g、温度在800℃以上、煅烧时间1 h。利用IR、UV-VIS、XRD、SEM等表征手段研究了二氧化硅负载型稀土催化剂的组成、形貌。在此最佳条件下所制得的催化剂平均粒径为17 nm,比表面积为1 365 m2/g。制备的催化剂具有良好的催化活性,且附着的稀土离子不易流失,解决了稀土流失问题,并易与反应体系分离,可回收和重复利用。并利用该催化剂催化臭氧对模拟废水和实际废水进行处理,在pH为2,稀土催化剂的投加量为5 g,反应时间为60 min,温度为60℃的最佳反应条件下的COD降解率分别是90.3%和82.2%。     

海西城市群PM2.5中重金属元素的污染特征及健康风险评价

采集2010~2011年海西城市群PM_(2.5)样品,用粒子激发-X射线发射技术(PIXE)方法测试样品中痕量重金属(Zn、Cu、Pb、Mn、Ni、Cr、As)的浓度,分析痕量重金属的污染特征、富集程度和来源,并进行重金属对人体健康风险的评价.结果表明,PM_(2.5)中重金属总浓度的时空分布特征与PM_(2.5)的不一致,这与PM_(2.5)的某些主要贡献源(如建筑尘和扬尘等)并非痕量重金属的贡献源有关.PM_(2.5)中Zn、Cu、Pb、Mn、Ni、Cr、As等重金属的EF值均高于10,呈明显的人为源富集现象.主成分-多元线性回归(PCA-MLR)解析结果显示,PM_(2.5)中痕量重金属主要有3种来源,即燃煤和机动车尾气(70.59%)、混合源(燃煤、燃油和冶炼行业,17.55%)以及其他工业源(11.86%).健康风险评价结果显示,PM_(2.5)中致癌重金属(Ni、Cr、As)的风险值高于非致癌重金属(Zn、Cu、Pb、Mn)风险值,但均低于一般可接受风险水平(10-6),说明海西城市群大气环境PM_(2.5)中重金属未对人体健康造成危害.     

Slope and pig slurry rate may increase the transfer of chemical elements by surface water runoff

There is a need to evaluate the interference of pig slurry rate and the terrain slope in the chemical elements losses from the soil. This work aimed to quantify water and chemical element losses by surface runoff due to terrain slope and pig slurry rate (PS) in two soils with contrasting textures. Two trials were evaluated in 2018 and 2019 in Cambisol and Nitisol. Rates of 0, 22.5, 45, and 90 m³ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ of PS were applied superficially in sites with slopes ranging from 10% to 35%. Perennial forage grass Tifton 85 (Cynodon dactylon) was grown as summer crop and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was sown in the cold seasons in a field environment. Were determined the runoff, the volume of water, and chemical elements (Al, Ca, P, Mg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb, and Zn) lost by the surface runoff after natural rainfall. Increasing land slope elevated water losses substantially, on average 23.4 times in Cambisol and 10.8 times in Nitisol. This increase resulted in average increases of 27.6 and 12.4 times in the losses of the chemical elements analyzed for Cambisol and Nitisol, respectively. There was a reduction in water losses by surface runoff due to increased PS rates applied in both sites. The increased PS rate affected the losses of Cr and Cu in Cambisol and P, Mg, Cd, and Cu in Nitisol. The clayey soil potentiated the water and chemical elements losses by surface runoff in relation to the soil with lower clay content. Regardless of the soil, water and chemical element losses are maximized at higher slopes.     

中国北方典型设施菜地土壤稀土元素分布特征及环境意义

以我国北方地区天津武清、山西晋中、辽宁沈阳和内蒙古乌兰察布等地的典型设施菜地土壤为研究对象,分析设施蔬菜种植过程中土壤稀土元素的变化特征,尝试利用稀土元素特征值示踪、表征人类活动对土壤生态环境干扰的可行性.结果发现,辽宁沈阳设施菜地表层土壤中稀土元素总量(REE)范围为146.52～158.76mg·kg-1,均值为1...     

Chemical characteristics of aerosols at coastal station in Hong Kong.Ⅱ.Environmental behavior of trace elements during the April 1995 to April 1996

An one-year of sampling aerosol program was carried out during the period of April 1995 to April 1996 atcoastal region, Cape D'Aguilar, in Hong Kong. The trace element composition of aerosol particles(TSP and PM10)were measured and analyzed by using the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Inductive CouplePlasma-Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) techniques. The results showed that the polluted elements such as: V, Zn,As, Pb, Cd, Sb, I, Se, Bi, with high enrichment factor( E. F) values, are derived from anthropogenic sources ,while Sc, Al, Fe, Mn, Sm, La, Sr are less than 10 in E. F, these elements are related the crust and soil. Theconcentration of the trace elements are present seasonal variation i.e. summer low and winter high, whereas the Vor noncrustal V(V* ) present summer high and winter low, this phenomenon might be explained by local or regionaloil combustion sources. Use three type of elemental ratio, e.g. La/Sm, Mn* /V* and Bi/Al indicate that both TSPand PM10 of La/Sm ratios are mainly related to soil and dust, Mn*/V* are probably represent fossil combustion andBi/Al are possibly associated with refuse incineration, ferromanganese alloys and aluminum production. The varimaxrotation factor analysis for trace elements was performed. By means of the absolute principal component analysis(APCA) and multiple regression, the contribution of trace elements to possible sources and overall means of traceelements were estimated. The results showed that the present station is impacted by the anthropogenic species,although the quantities are different during the summertime and wintertime.     

稀土荧光粉回收利用技术研究现状与发展趋势

中国是稀土资源最为丰富的国家之一,但随着稀土消费需求的增加、大量廉价出口和长期掠夺式开采等因素的影响,近年来中国的稀土储量锐减.因此,迫切需要对废旧稀土产品进行高效回收再利用.综述了直接萃取、CO2超临界萃取分离、离心分离、浮选分离、湿法浸取分离这几种主要的稀土荧光粉回收利用技术的研究现状,并对不同方法的优缺点进行了比较,最后指出了未来的发展方向.     

Identification of trace element sources and associated risk assessment in vegetable soils of the urban-rural transitional area of Hangzhou, China

In the urban-rural transitional area of Hangzhou, China, 74 topsoil samples were collected from vegetable fields to measure the contents of arsenic (As), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). The combination of multivariate statistical and geostatistical methods successfully separated the contaminating elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn) from uncontaminated elements (Co, Cr, Ni and Mn). A significant correlation was found between these uncontaminated elements and total Al2O3, Fe2O3, and SiO2 of the soils, indicating that the source of these elements was mainly controlled by soil-forming factors. On the other hand, these contaminating elements showed relatively weaker correlation and higher spatial variability, indicating that their enrichment and spatial heterogeneity were mostly affected by anthropic inputs. Through the pollution evaluation, it was found that only 30.8% of the study area did not suffer from moderate or severe pollution.     

郑州市典型工业炉窑细颗粒物排放特征及清单

利用稀释通道系统采集郑州市砖瓦、水泥和耐火材料行业典型工业炉窑废气中的细颗粒物样品,并分析其中Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Na、Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Cl、K、Ca、Ti、V、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、As、Se、Sr、Cd、Sb、Sn、Ba和Pb等27种无机元素.计算了PM_(2. 5)中无机元素的排放因子及2016年郑州市3个行业工业炉窑排放的PM_(2. 5)中主要无机元素的排放量,并建立了1 km×1 km的网格化清单.结果表明,耐火砖窑排放的总无机元素浓度最高,为(609. 97±490. 97)μg·m~(-3),3种炉窑排放的无机元素浓度在PM_(2. 5)中占比范围分别为34%～54%、27%～42%和23%～53%.砖窑和水泥窑排放的无机元素主要以地壳元素为主,浓度最高的元素分别为Cl和Al,耐火砖窑排放的无机元素主要以重金属元素为主,浓度最高的元素为Pb.砖窑与水泥窑排放的无机元素成分分歧系数为0. 389,略有差异,而水泥窑与耐火砖窑的分歧系数为0. 732,差异性显著. 2016年郑州市主要工业炉窑排放PM_(2. 5)中Pb、S、Zn、Cl、K、As、Fe、Si、Cr、Al、Na和Ca的排放量分别为919. 0、793. 1、124. 7、378. 6、82. 6、12. 2、60. 4、145. 4、7. 4、86. 6、15. 8和111. 4 kg·a~(-1),其中新密地区重金属排放量最高,存在较高的重金属健康风险.     

燃煤电厂中微量元素迁移释放研究

基于原煤、飞灰及底灰的测试分析，对晋北一家燃煤电厂中硫等43种元素向环境的迁移释放作了定量研究，结果表明：Al等30种元素基本留在固体燃煤产物中；As等10种元素部分留在固体燃煤产物中，部分挥发到大气中；元素Br、Hg及硫基本挥发到大气中；各元素的挥发程度与自身的赋存状态及地球化学性质等有关。     

粤东花岗岩及锡、钨矿床的地球化学研究

粤东燕山期与成矿有关的火成岩主要有早、晚两期,分别由火山岩与二长花岗岩及火山岩与黑云母花岗岩组成,两期的火山岩与花岗岩之间均为部分熔融关系,早期火成岩的源岩以沉积岩为主,晚期火成岩以火成物质占优势。锡矿化可划分为锡石—石英期次、锡石—硫化物期次及硫化物—银、金—碳酸盐期次;钨矿化可分为黑钨—石英期次,白钨—硫化物期次及碳酸盐期次。据系统的矿物包裹体,成矿热力学、成因矿物学、微量元素及同位素地球化学研究表明其成矿流体及成矿物质主要来自花岗岩,锡的矿化与早期二长花岗岩有关,钨矿化与晚期黑云母花岗岩关系密切。矿床成因类型应属岩浆—热液矿床。