矿石铅同位素示踪成矿物质来源综述

矿石铅同位素是示踪成矿物质来源的重要手段之一。本文综述了矿石铅同位素示踪成矿物质来源的基本原理和主要方法 ,并指出 :单阶段模式年龄、特征参数示踪已逐步淘汰 ,铅构造模式示踪遭质疑 ,Δβ Δγ图解示踪还需要接受更多矿床实例的检验 ,全方位对比是矿石铅示踪成矿物质来源的首选方法。     

PO43-和柠檬酸对稀土元素在小麦体内积累和分异的影响

基于营养液培养,添加外源稀土和ICP-MS分析技术,研究了无机配体PO₄^3-(Pi)及有机配体柠檬酸(Cit)对小麦器官中稀土元素积累和分异的影响.结果表明,不同Pi水平对小麦根中的稀土总含量(∑REE)影响较小,但显著降低叶中∑REE含量;而不同Cit水平对小麦根、叶中∑REE含量都有明显降低作用.对照植物(无Pi、Cit添加)中,稀土元素在小麦根中具有中稀土(MREE)富集及M-型四重效应分布特征,叶中有重稀土(HREE)富集及W-型四重效应分布特征.不同Pi处理对四重效应无明显作用,但进一步加强HREE在小麦叶片中的富集.添加柠檬酸使对照植物根和叶中的分异有逐渐减弱的趋势,在高浓度处理时(Cit≥150μmol·L^-),小麦根和叶中出现轻稀土(LREE)富集.     

微生物金矿处理技术进展及应用前景

回顾了已经出现的多种微生物金矿处理技术,对他们的作用机理、浸金结果、完善措施和存在的问题等进行了综合评述,在此基础上,作者探讨了微生物金矿处理技术的研究方向及其工业化前景。     

红壤中镧积累对水稻的生理生态效应

通过盆栽试验 ,研究了红壤中稀土元素镧对水稻的生长发育 ,产量和一些对环境敏感的生理生化指标的影响 .结果表明 ,La浓度为 75mg·kg-1时水稻的生育期明显滞后 ,La浓度为 30 0mg·kg-1时水稻的生长显著受到抑制 ,产量显著降低 ,水稻生物量降低一半的EC50 =32 3 0 2mg·kg-1.La浓度为 75mg·kg-1时水稻的叶绿素a b显著降低 ,POD活性、细胞质膜透性和游离脯氨酸含量显著增高 .     

Toxicological effects involved in risk assessment of rare earth lanthanum on roots of Vicia faba L. seedlings

Combined chemical analyses and biological measurements were utilized to investigate potential toxicological effects and possible mechanisms involved in risk assessment of rare earth elements (REEs) on Vicia faba L. seedlings, which were hydroponically cultivated and exposed to various concentrations of lanthanum (La) for 15 days. The results showed that La contents in both the solution and roots increased with the increase of extraneous La, contributing to hormetic dose responses of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and endoprotease (EP) isozymes activities, and HSP 70 production enhanced at low doses but suppressed at higher doses of La. These physiological responses constituted antioxidant and detoxification systems against La-induced oxidative stress. The elevated La levels also contributed to oxidatively modified proteins, which were most responsible for subsequent cell death and growth retardation of the roots. By combination of hormetic and traditional threshold dose levels, the threshold dose range was deduced to be 108-195 μg La/g dry weight in the roots, corresponding to 0.90-3.12 mg/L of soluble La in the culture solution. It suggests that persistent applications of REEs may lead to potential ecological risk in the environment.     

稀土元素对梅园主要土壤动物群落结构组成的影响

为阐明不同稀土处理对梅园土壤动物群落组成的影响,采用手拣法、干漏斗法和湿漏斗法对梅园各稀土处理区土壤动物群落组成进行系统调查,共得土壤动物标本8076个,隶属于4门15纲31目.其中昆虫纲物种最为丰富,有12目,占全部种群数的58.41%;;鞘翅目、膜翅目、蜱螨目、双翅目和弹尾纲等5种优势类群占土壤动物个体总数的81.44%.5种稀土处理区中,杂食性土壤动物功能团所占的比例均高于植食性功能团所占的比例,且杂食性土壤动物所占的比例依次为对照区(CK)(La处理区(下同)(Ce区(Pr区(Nd区(Sm区.不同浓度稀土处理区中土壤动物类群和个体数量均随着稀土浓度增加而减少,杂食性功能团所占的比例也高于植食性功能团所占的比例,且杂食性功能团所占的比例依次为对照区(CK)(25区(mg·kg-1处理区,下同)(50区(100区(500区(1000区(2000区(3000区.以Pr处理后的土壤动物物种数多,个体数量大,优势集中性指数高,优势物种优势性极明显,其它4种稀土在类群数、个体数、优势集中性指数和优势类群优势性和Pr规律基本相同,依次为Nd、Sm、Ce和La,但均比CK小.因此,5种稀土及其不同浓度处理区土壤动物群...     

柳州地区酸沉降临界负荷的确定

为了对目标沉降量的制定提供定量依据,根据现场调查和实验测量获得柳州红壤的物理化学特性,地表水化学行性及降水化学背景和现状的数据,应用改进的ＭＡＧＩＣ模型计算不同酸沉降量下土壤的酸化过程。结果表明：柳州土壤已处于酸化状态并呈现继续酸化趋势,表层土壤敏感性较强,而底层土壤和地表水缓冲能力较强。     

改性硅藻土处理城市污水技术的可行性研究

分析了改性硅藻土处理城市污水的技术原理。指出改性硅藻土相对于一般的铝盐、铁盐等污水处理剂，具有效果稳定、二次污染少、可回收利用空间大、价格低廉等优点。提出了该技术的常规和改进的工艺流程，从理论上说明该技术的可行性。结合生产性试验的研究结果表明，该技术对CODcr和BODs的去除效率可分别达到70％和73％左右，对SS和TP的去除率分别大于94％和92％，从而进一步验证了该技术的可行性。参照一般化学强化一级处理技术的经济费用，分析了该技术在经济上的可行性。     

Trace elements and rare earth elements in wet deposition of Lijiang, Mt. Yulong region, southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau

In order to investigate the compositions and wet deposition fluxes of trace elements and rare earth elements (REEs) in the precipitation of the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, 38 precipitation samples were collected from March to August in 2012 in an urban site of Lijiang city in the Mt. Yulong region. The concentrations of most trace elements and REEs were higher during the non-monsoon season than during the monsoon season, indicating that the lower concentrations of trace elements and REEs observed during monsoon had been influenced by the dilution effect of increased precipitation. The concentrations of trace elements in the precipitation of Lijiang city were slightly higher than those observed in remote sites of the Tibetan Plateau but much lower than those observed in the metropolises of China, indicating that the atmospheric environment of Lijiang city was less influenced by anthropogenic emissions, and, as a consequence, the air quality was still relatively good. However, the results of enrichment factor and principal component analysis revealed that some anthropogenic activities (e.g., the increasing traffic emissions from the rapid development of tourism) were most likely important contributors to trace elements, while the regional/local crustal sources rather than anthropogenic activities were the predominant contributors to the REEs in the wet deposition of Lijiang city. Our study was relevant not only for assessing the current status of the atmospheric environment in the Mt. Yulong region, but also for specific management actions to be implemented for the control of atmospheric inputs and the health of the environment for the future.     

我国土壤中稀土元素背景值特征

本文报道了中国土壤15个稀土元素的背景含量、共生组合关系及稀土元素的分异系数和分布模式,讨论了41种土类,35个省市行政区域土壤稀土元素背景含量的差异及其原因.