一个适用于区域性大气环境模拟的大气光化学模式

根据“计数物种”法对光化学反应机制的分析,建立了一个适用于区域性光化学反应模拟的模式,该模式能较好地模拟出NO_x、O_3及H_2O_2等大气光化学污染物的变化,在保证模拟准确性的同时,该模式形式简单,有利于在实际大气环境质量模拟中应用.     

4-氯苯酚在水溶液中的光化学反应(Ⅱ)反应的动力学研究

研究了在模拟太阳光和紫外光作用下，４氯苯酚（４ＣＰ）的光反应动力学．研究表明，紫外光的作用更为显著．４ＣＰ的反应速率与４ＣＰ起始浓度、ｐＨ值，金属离子浓度、富里酸浓度等因素有关．通入空气，能够加速４ＣＰ降解．     

Flux of dimethylsulfide in the Jiaozhou Bay,China

Seasonal measurements of dimethylsulfide(DMS)in surface waters were carried out during 1993-1994 in the Jiaozhou Bay.A seasonal variation is observed for DMS concentrations in seawater,ranging from 0.6 to 8.97 nmol S/L with the highest values in spring.A factor of 4 was measured for DMS concentrations with mean concentrations of 5.85 nmol S/L or 6.58 nmol S/L in spring and 1.40nmol S/L in winter.A sea-to-air flux of DMS also showed a seasonal variation     

Detection of fetal cells in maternal blood

We report the detection of fetal cells in the maternal circulation by enzymatic amplification of a single copy gene sequence that was fetal-specific. Fetal HLA-A2-positive cells were sorted from maternal HLA-A2-negative cells by flow cytometry and confirmed by demonstration of a fetal-specific HLA-DR4 sequence. However, this sequence could not be detected in unenriched maternal DNA prepared at 28 and 32 weeks' gestation. The sensitivity of detection was 1 HLA-DR4-positive cell in 10⁵ HLA-DR4-negative cells. We conclude that prenatal diagnosis of paternally inherited autosomal-dominant genetic defects may be possible by selective gene amplification of maternal peripheral blood. However, preliminary enrichment for fetal cells may be necessary.     

The effect of light on the Mn(II) or Fet(lll)-catalyzed oxidation of aqueous S(IV)

ＴｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｌｉｇｈｔｏｎｔｈｅＭｎ（ＩＩ）ｏｒＦｅｔｌｌｌ）ｘａｔａｌｙｚｅｄｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｑｕｅｏｕｓＳ（ＩＶ）ＸｕＹｏｎｇｆｕ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃ...     

Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the cystic fibrosis ΔF508 mutation in human blastomeres following oocyte injection of a single sperm from a carrier

The efficiency of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in detecting the cystic fibrosis (CF) ΔF508 mutation (which is the most common mutation of CF) was assessed in single human blastomeres. Twenty-one human immature oocytes (germinal-vesicle-stage oocytes) that had been donated for research were matured in vitro and a single spermatozoon from a carrier of the CF ΔF508 mutation was injected into the ooplasm. Fourteen embryos were obtained after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). PCR analysis was carried out on 70 single blastomeres isolated from these 14 embryos. The results showed that the efficiency of DNA amplification by PCR in single nucleate blastomeres was 94 per cent (59/63). There were no false-positive results since none of the blank samples or the blastomeres without a nucleus showed an amplified signal. We found that nine embryos were homozygous for the unaffected genotype and that four embryos were heterozygous since they contained both the unaffected and the ΔF508 genotype. In a four-cell embryo, we observed the homozygous unaffected genotype in one blastomere and a heterozygous ΔF508/unaffected genotype in the other three blastomeres.     

Fisher法在空气环境监测点位优化中的应用

将Fisher法应用于空气环境监测点位的优化。结果表明 ,该方法使用简便 ,避免了诸多人为因素 ,能反映优化布点后点位的整体代表性     

Calculation method of quantum efficiency to TiO2 nanocrystal photocatalysis reaction

The quantum yield is an important factor to evaluate the efficiency of photoreactor.This article vires an overall calculation method of the quantum efficiency(Φ) and the apparent quantum efficiency(Φa) to the TiO2/UV photocatalysis system.Furthermore,for the immobility system(IS),the formulation of the faction of light absorbed by the TiO2 thin film is proposed so as to calculate the quantum efficiency by using the measured value and theoretic calculated value of transmissivity(T).For the suspension system(SS),due to the difficulty to obtain the adsorption coefficient(α) of TiO2 particulates,the quantum efficiency is calculated by means of the relative photonic efficiency(ζr)and the standard quantum yield(Φstandard).     

Pathway of the ozonation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in aqueous solution

The reaction mechanism and pathway of the ozonation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) in aqueous solution were investigated. The removal efficiency and the variation of H₂O₂, Cl⁻ formic acid, and oxalic acid were studied during the semi-batch ozonation experiments (continuous for ozone gas supply, fixed volume of water sample). The results showed that when there was no scavenger, the removal efficiency of 0.1 mmol/L 2,4,6-TCP could reach 99% within 6 min by adding 24 mg/L ozone. The reaction of molecular ozone with 2,4,6-TCP resulted in the formation of H₂O₂. The maximal concentration of H₂O₂ detected during the ozonation could reach 22.5% of the original concentration of 2,4,6-TCP. The reaction of ozone with H₂O₂ resulted in the generation of a lot of OH• radicals. Therefore, 2,4,6-TCP was degraded to formic acid and oxalic acid by ozone and OH• radicals together. With the inhibition of OH• radicals, ozone molecule firstly degraded 2,4,6-TCP to form chlorinated quinone, which was subsequently oxidized to formic acid and oxalic acid. Two reaction pathways of the degradation of 2,4,6-TCP by ozone and O₃/OH• were proposed in this study. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(12): 1619–1623 [译自: 环境科学学报]