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211.
Tianyi Li Chengwu Zhang Jingyi Zhang Song Yan Chuanyu Qin 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):87
212.
提出了环境舱法测试美缝剂总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)释放量的方法,对市场常见的美缝剂产品的TVOC进行了测试,并研究了美缝剂的TVOC释放规律和主要污染物.同时对美缝剂的甲醛释放量进行了测试.通过对16种环氧树脂美缝剂产品的数据分析显示,美缝剂产品的甲醛释放量风险较低;75%的产品在第7天的TVOC释放量可达到500μg·m-3以下.但个别产品在28 d时仍有明显的VOC释放,显示其具有长期缓慢释放的特点.美缝剂释放的主要污染物为苯甲醛与苯甲醇,个别产品检出有甲苯和邻苯二甲酸酯类物质. 相似文献
213.
采用紫外光(UV)/单过氧硫酸氢盐(PMS)体系可有效地氧化降解4-氯-2-硝基酚(4C2NP).考察了溶液pH值、底物初始浓度、PMS初始浓度和氯离子、硝酸根离子初始浓度对4C2NP降解效果的影响.在pH2~5时,体系中4C2NP的降解速率并未出现显著差异;随着pH值升高至近中性,其降解过程受到一定程度抑制.初始底物浓度和PMS浓度与体系中4C2NP的降解速率分别呈现负、正相关关系.外加氯离子对4C2NP降解呈现出双重作用,而硝酸盐离子对4C2NP降解抑制作用不显著.脱氯和脱硝过程是4C2NP主要的降解途径.被释放的氯离子会通过自由基反应进行再氯化过程,而脱落的硝基会很快被氧化生成稳定的硝酸盐,从而抑制了硝基的循环过程.最后,根据中间产物推断了4C2NP降解过程的反应机理. 相似文献
214.
Junqin PANG Masami MATSUDA Masashi KURODA Daisuke INOUE Kazunari SEI Kei NISHIDA Michihiko IKE 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(4):7
To improve nitrogen removal performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), it is essential to understand the behavior of nitrogen cycling communities, which comprise various microorganisms. This study characterized the quantity and diversity of nitrogen cycling genes in various processes of municipal WWTPs by employing two molecular-based methods:most probable number-polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) and DNA microarray. MPN-PCR analysis revealed that gene quantities were not statistically different among processes, suggesting that conventional activated sludge processes (CAS) are similar to nitrogen removal processes in their ability to retain an adequate population of nitrogen cycling microorganisms. Furthermore, most processes in the WWTPs that were researched shared a pattern:the nirS and the bacterial amoA genes were more abundant than the nirK and archaeal amoA genes, respectively. DNA microarray analysis revealed that several kinds of nitrification and denitrification genes were detected in both CAS and anaerobic-oxic processes (AO), whereas limited genes were detected in nitrogen removal processes. Results of this study suggest that CAS maintains a diverse community of nitrogen cycling microorganisms; moreover, the microbial communities in nitrogen removal processes may be specific.
相似文献
215.
为了研究水泥窑共处置过程中水泥生料对Pb、Cd的吸附/冷凝特性,采用氮吸附仪和SEM(场发射扫描电镜)对水泥生料的基本物理性质(比表面积、孔径和微观表面积)进行研究;同时,利用小型试验装置对重金属Pb、Cd的氧化物(PbO、CdO)展开了吸附/冷凝研究. 结果表明:水泥生料的比表面积(2.49 m2/g)较小,微观表面结构致密无孔,因此,在水泥窑共处置过程中水泥生料对重金属的吸附/冷凝作用以冷凝为主. 进入控温立式炉的重金属可分为三部分:①冷凝在管壁上,其中Pb、Cd分别占各自入炉总量的67%~72%、58%~65%;②吸附/冷凝在水泥生料上,其中Pb、Cd分别占各自入炉总量的13%~17%、16%~21%;③随烟气释放到空气中,其中Pb、Cd分别占各自入炉总量的10%~18%、14%~26%. 水泥生料对Pb、Cd的吸附/冷凝特性均可用双常数方程拟合,线性拟合的相关系数均在0.95以上. 动力学方程拟合得到水泥生料对Pb、Cd的吸附/冷凝活化能,二者分别为5.827、6.050 kJ/mol,由此可预测水泥生料对Pb和Cd的吸附/冷凝量. 相似文献
216.
In this study, stabilized Pd, Pt and Au nanoparticles were successfully prepared in aqueous phase using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a capping agent. These metal nanoparticles were then tested for catalytic hydrodechlorination toward two classes of organochlorinated compounds (vinyl polychlorides including trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and alkyl polychlorides including 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,1,2-TeCA)) to determine the rate-limiting steps and to explore the reaction mechanisms. The surface area normalized reaction rate constant, kSA, showed a systematic dependence on the electronic structure (the density of states at the Fermi level) of the metals, suggesting that adsorption of organochlorinated reactants on the metal catalyst surfaces is the rate-limiting step for catalytic hydrodechlorination. Hydrodechlorination rates of 1,1,1-TCA and 1,1,1,2-TeCA agreed with the bond strength of the first (weakest) dissociated C-Cl bond, suggesting that C-Cl bond cleavage, which is the first step for dissociative adsorption of the alkyl polychlorides, controlled the catalytic hydrodechlorination rate. However, hydrodechlorination rates of TCE and PCE correlated with the adsorption energies of their molecular (non-dissociative) adsorption on the noble metals rather than with the first C-Cl bond strength, suggesting that molecular adsorption governs the reaction rate for hydrodechlorination of the vinyl polychlorides. 相似文献
217.
218.
非均相催化湿式氧化法再生活性炭实验 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
使用自制的CuO-Al2O3催化剂对苯酚饱和活性炭进行非均相催化湿式氧化再生研究,系统观察了反应条件对非均相催化湿式氧化再生活性炭的影响.实验中得到非均相CuO-Al2O3催化湿式氧化再生活性炭的最佳条件为:反应温度210℃,反应时间60min,催化剂投加量25mg(以铜离子计),反应氧分压0.6MPa(25℃),投炭量15g(干炭量),加水量300mL.通过对催化剂进行X衍射分析,并对催化剂的稳定性进行实验,可以得出该催化剂在催化湿式氧化再生活性炭的过程中具有较好的稳定性. 相似文献
219.
分离了梭鱼金属硫蛋白132个碱基对应44个氨基酸的部分基因序列,以此为基础建立了分析梭鱼金属硫蛋白基因表达的实时定量PCR方法,并用于分析渤海南戴河和大神堂近岸海域野生梭鱼金属硫蛋白基因的表达.结果表明,南戴河野生梭鱼金属硫蛋白基因的表达水平(雄鱼:0.012 ± 0.0064 copies/copy β-actin;雌鱼:0.0099 ± 0.0042 copies/copy β-actin)明显高于大神堂野生梭鱼的表达水平(雄鱼:0.0017± 0.0011 copies/copy β-actin;雌鱼:0.0014 ± 0.00095 copies/copy β-actin).该结果与两地野生梭鱼体内重金属残留水平相一致,提示梭鱼金属硫蛋白基因可作为监测海洋重金属污染的敏感标志物之一. 相似文献
220.
Juntaek LIM Seung Gu SHIN Seungyong LEE Seokhwan HWANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(1):28-39
Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has gained popularity as a technique to detect and quantify a specific group of target microorganisms from various environmental samples including soil, water, sediments, and sludge. Although qPCR is a very useful technique for nucleic acid quantification, accurately quantifying the target microbial group strongly depends on the quality of the primer and probe used. Many aspects of conducting qPCR assays have become increasingly routine and automated; however, one of the most important aspects, designing and selecting primer and probe sets, is often a somewhat arcane process. In many cases, failed or non-specific amplification can be attributed to improperly designed primer-probe sets. This paper is intended to provide guidelines and general principles for designing group-specific primers and probes for qPCR assays. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these guidelines by reviewing the use of qPCR to study anaerobic processes and biologic nutrient removal processes. qPCR assays using group-specific primers and probes designed with this method, have been used to successfully quantify 16S ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid (16S rRNA) gene copy numbers from target methanogenic and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in various laboratory- and full-scale biologic processes. Researchers with a good command of primer and probe design can use qPCR as a valuable tool to study biodiversity and to develop more efficient control strategies for biologic processes. 相似文献