Effects of intracolony variability in behavioral development on plasticity of division of labor in honey bee colonies

There is a genetic component to plasticity in age polyethism in honey bee colonies, such that workers of some genotypes become precocious foragers more readily than do workers of other genotypes, in colonies lacking older bees. Using colonies composed of workers from two identifiable genotype groups, we determined that intracolony differences in the likelihood of becoming a precocious forager are a consequence of differences in rates of behavioral development that are also evident under conditions leading to normal development. An alternative hypothesis, that differences in the likelihood of becoming a precocious forager are due to differences in general sensitivity to altered colony conditions, was not supported. In three out of three trials, workers from the genotype group that was more likely to exhibit precocious foraging in single cohort colonies also foraged at relatively younger ages in colonies in which workers exhibited normal behavioral development. In contrast, in three out of three trials, workers from the genotype group that was more likely to exhibit precocious foraging in single-cohort colonies did not show disproportionately more overaged nursing in colonies in which workers exhibited delayed development. These results indicate that genotypic differences in plasticity in age-related division of labor are based on genotypic differences in rates of behavioral development.     

熔体在岩石形变中的作用综述──来自实验岩石学的证据

实验岩石学的研究表明,岩石中熔体的出现．可诱发断层作用,加强碎裂流动、位错蠕变和扩散蠕变作用。在给定的条件下,上述四种变形机制在部分熔融岩石中都会起作用,但只有那种能产生最快应变速率的机制占主导地位。而应变速率与岩石中熔体的百分数（体积）有关,因此,当熔体的百分数不同时,占主导地位的变形机制会有所不同。临界熔体百分数曾被当作反映部分熔融岩石流变学特征的一个重要参数,但近期的研究表明,临界熔体百分数受诸多因素的影响,或者说部分熔融岩石根本就不存在这样的植。熔体的出现极大地改变了岩石的流变学特征。     

温度循环-应变作用下聚醚推进剂老化机理研究

目的 掌握聚醚推进剂在温度循环与应变耦合作用下的老化机理.方法 开展65～75℃温度循环和3％预应变耦合作用下的老化试验,针对不同老化时间的聚醚推进剂,分析抗拉强度、伸长率等力学性能的变化规律,以及表面微观损伤、分子官能团、反应热等微观损伤演变情况,综合推断聚醚推进剂宏观-微观关联老化机理.结果 随着老化时间延长,最大抗拉强度波动下降,最大伸长率先增大、后减小;高氯酸铵和聚醚粘合剂的分解峰温均向低温方向移动,位于1410 cm?1的高氯酸铵吸收峰增强,而位于1565、1725 cm?1的聚醚粘合剂中氨基甲酸酯、酰胺基团吸收峰下降;嵌在聚醚粘合剂内部的高氯酸铵逐渐暴露,且部分高氯酸铵颗粒与周围界面明显分离,并出现小孔洞.结论 在长期温度循环和预应变作用下,聚醚推进剂分子主链中酰胺基团的C—N键由于分子间结合力较弱而分解断链,破坏了分子主链网状交联结构,使得分散其中的AP粒子逐渐露出表面,并呈现部分断裂损伤特征,引起抗拉强度下降.     

微电解工艺处理染料工业废水研究

该文研究了采用微电解工艺处理染料工业废水.经过微电解工艺处理的染料工业废水色度和化学需氧量(COD)去除率分别为93.94%和64.62%.废水的可生化性提高,生化速率常数K从0.02876提高到0.04754.微电解工艺预处理该染料工业废水的吨水运行成本为0.91元.     

原煤燃烧前脱硫技术的研究进展

当前，随着环境保护意识的提高，人们对环境污染问题的处理日渐重视，特别是对化石燃料利用过程中导致的污染问题的处理和防治更是受到世界范围的关注。本文介绍了近年来在原煤燃烧前脱硫研究的一些新进展，重点介绍了高能辐射脱硫和生物脱硫及其反应机制。     

Remediation of Cu and As contaminated water and soil utilizing biochar supported layered double hydroxide: Mechanisms and soil environment altering

Preparing materials for simultaneous remediation of anionic and cationic heavy metals contamination has always been the focus of research. Herein a biochar supported FeMnMg layered double hydroxide (LDH) composites (LB) for simultaneous remediation of copper and arsenic contamination in water and soil has been assembled by a facile co-precipitation approach. Both adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies of heavy metals removal by LB were applied to look into the adsorption performance of adsorbents in water. Moreover, the adsorption mechanisms of Cu and As by LB were investigated, showing that Cu in aqueous solution was removed by the isomorphic substitution, precipitation and electrostatic adsorption while As was removed by complexation. In addition, the availability of Cu and As in the soil incubation experiments was reduced by 35.54%–63.00% and 8.39%–29.04%, respectively by using LB. Meanwhile, the addition of LB increased the activities of urease and sucrase by 93.78%–374.35% and 84.35%–520.04%, respectively, of which 1% of the dosage was the best. A phenomenon was found that the richness and structure of microbial community became vigorous within 1% dosage of LB, which indirectly enhanced the passivation and stabilization of heavy metals. These results indicated that the soil environment was significantly improved by LB. This research demonstrates that LB would be an imaginably forceful material for the remediation of anionic and cationic heavy metals in contaminated water and soil.     

铜基催化剂上甲苯深度氧化的机理分析

运用浸渍法制备了一系列CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,利用FTIR、MS、XRD等技术研究了甲苯在该催化剂上的深度氧化的性能及反应机理。初步讨论了活性氧化铝上铜的最佳负载量,铜在催化剂中的作用,以及甲苯在该催化剂上不同条件下反应的中间产物和最终产物及其产生机理。     

高浓度甲基橙湿式过氧化氢氧化及机理初探

采用湿式过氧化氢氧化法 (WPO)处理高浓度偶氮染料甲基橙溶液 ,考察了多种因素对去除效果的影响 ,结果表明 ,对于 4 0 0mg L的甲基橙溶液 ,其最佳处理条件为 :温度 16 0℃ ,H2 O2 浓度 33mg L ,Fe2 + 浓度为 91 2mg L ,处理后脱色率在 95 %以上。对比废水处理前后紫外光谱与红外光谱图的变化 ,说明染料分子结构中的偶氮键发生断裂 ,破坏了分子结构的偶氮 -苯环共轭发色体系 ,从而达到了脱色的目的     

水溶液中邻二氯苯的超声去除

研究了超声辐照技术去除模拟废水中的邻二氯苯的效果和影响因素,包括超声电功率、初始浓度、溶液初始pH值、空气曝气以及自由基抑制剂等;研究结果表明,超声辐照去除邻二氯苯主要以空化泡内的高温热解为主,并分析了邻二氯苯超声去除的途径和机理。     

First-trimester prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis using the polymerase chain reaction: Report of eight cases

Eight pregnancies at risk for cystic fibrosis have been monitored by first-trimester prenatal diagnosis with DNA amplification analysis. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used in all cases to amplify the region detected by KM 19. In two cases, the region detected by CS·7, another DNA probe tightly linked to the CF locus, was also examined. The results of the PCR determinations were confirmed using the Southern blotting procedure, by segregation analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) relative to XV-2c, J3·11, metH, metD, and KM19 probes.