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131.
采用钛基IrO2-RuO2为阳极材料,不锈钢为阴极材料,NaCl质量浓度为10 g/L的溶液为电解液,对亚甲基蓝溶液进行电化学处理。实验结果表明:处理初始质量浓度为25 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液,电解电流0.050 A,电解20 min后亚甲基蓝去除率达95%;处理初始质量浓度为100 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液,电解电流0.100 A,电解30 min后亚甲基蓝去除率达98%。随着电解时间和电解电流的增加,亚甲基蓝去除率均增大。 相似文献
132.
In situ sequential treatment of a mixed contaminant plume 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Groundwater plumes often contain a mixture of contaminants that cannot easily be remediated in situ using a single technology. The purpose of this research was to evaluate an in situ treatment sequence for the control of a mixed organic plume (chlorinated ethenes and petroleum hydrocarbons) within a Funnel-and-Gate. A shallow plume located in the unconfined aquifer at Alameda Point, CA, was found to contain up to 218,000 μg/l of cis-1,2 dichloroethene (cDCE), 16,000 μg/l of vinyl chloride (VC) and <1000 μg/l of 1,1 dichloroethene (1,1 DCE), trans-1,2 dichloroethene (trans-1,2 DCE) and trichloroethene (TCE). Total benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) concentrations were <10,000 μg/l. Contaminated groundwater was funneled into a gate, 3.0 m wide, 4.5 m long and 6.0 m deep (keyed into the underlying aquitard) where treatment occurred. The initial gate segment consisted of granular iron, for the reductive dechlorination of the higher chlorinated ethenes. The second segment, the biosparge zone, promoted aerobic biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and any remaining lesser-chlorinated compounds, stimulated by dissolved oxygen (DO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) additions via an in situ sparge system (CO2 was used to neutralize the high pH produced from reactions in the iron wall). Groundwater was drawn through the gate by pumping two wells located at the sealed, downgradient, end. Over a 4-month period an estimated 1350 g of cDCE flowed into the treatment gate and the iron wall removed 1230 g, or 91% of the mass. The influent mass of VC was 572 g and the iron wall removed 535 g, corresponding to 94% mass removal. The other chlorinated ethenes had significantly lower influent masses (3 to 108 g) and the iron wall removed the majority of the mass resulting in >96% mass removal for any of the compounds. In spite of these high removal percentages, laboratory column tests indicated that at these levels of chlorinated contaminants, surface saturation of the iron grains likely contributed to lower than expected reaction rates. In the biosparge zone, mass removal of cDCE appeared to occur predominantly by biodegradation (65%) with volatilization (35%) being an important secondary process. The dominant removal process for VC was volatilization (70%) although significant biodegradation was also indicated (30%). Laboratory microcosm results confirmed the potential for aerobic biodegradation of cDCE and VC. When average influent field concentrations for cDCE and VC were 220,000 and 46,000 μg/l, respectively, the sequential treatment unit removed 99.6% of the total mass and when the influent concentrations decreased to 26,000 and 19,000 μg/l for cDCE and VC, respectively, >99.9% removal within the treatment gate was attained. BTEX compounds were found to be significantly retarded in the iron treatment zone. Although they did eventually break through the granular iron, and into the gravel transition zone, none of these compounds was detected in the biosparge zone. No noticeable interferences between the anaerobic (reductive) and aerobic parts of the system occurred during testing. The results of this experiment show that in situ treatment sequences are viable, although further work is needed to optimize performance. 相似文献
133.
134.
天然水体腐殖质对双酚A光降解影响的研究 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
以中压汞灯模拟太阳光光源,研究了双酚A(BPA)在水体腐殖质中的光降解过程,探讨了不同来源的腐殖质、腐殖质浓度、BPA初始浓度、溶解氧等因素对BPA光解速率的影响,实验结果表明,BPA在纯水体系中直接光解很慢,但在腐殖质溶液中光解迅速,符合拟一级动力学反应,改变BPA初始浓度对BPA光解速率的影响不明显,增大溶解氧浓度会抑制BPA光解,通过活性氧分子探针鉴定了腐殖质吸收光辐射产生的羟基与单线态氧,利用GC-MS鉴定了双酚A在Nordic湖富里酸(NOFA)中的光敏化降解产物,推测出BPA敏化降解的可能历程为能量转移导致的直接光解、羟基加成和羟基氧化。 相似文献
135.
Ruihua Zhang Hongwen Sun Jin Yin 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(2):203-208
The purpose of this study is to estimate the removal efficiency of As and Cr (VI) by one kind of industrial waste — iron chips,
as well as to estimate the effects of typical inorganic anions (sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate), and typical organic anions
(citrate, oxalate, and humate) on As or Cr (VI) removal. The results showed that 98% of As (V) and 92% of As (III) could be
removed from aqueous phase by the iron chips within 60 min. Compared with As species, Cr (VI) was removed much more rapidly
and efficiently with 97% of Cr (VI) being removed within 25 min. The removal efficiency for arsenic was in the order: As (III)
(sulfate), As (III) (nitrate) or As (III), As (III) (humate), As (III) (oxalate), As (III) (citrate), As (III) (phosphate),
and for chromate was in the order: Cr (VI) (sulfate), Cr (VI) (phosphate) or Cr (VI) (nitrate) or Cr (VI) (oxalate), Cr (VI),
Cr (VI) (citrate), Cr (VI) (humate). In all the treatments, pH level increased with time except for As (III), the removal
of which was either without anions or in the presence of humate or nitrate. 相似文献
136.
137.
138.
自然堆肥过程中,畜禽养殖产生的粪污渗滤液入渗土壤非饱和带.高浓度有机氮在微生物作用下经由复杂的地球化学过程转化为各种含氮物质,其中硝酸盐迁移能力较强,在降雨条件下入渗地下水,造成区域性地下水硝酸盐污染.在非饱和带中构建由木屑和壤土组成的强化反应层,通过间歇性的原位淋溶脱氮试验,系统地研究了非饱和带含水量及COD、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和氨氮的浓度变化规律,评价了强化反应层的脱氮能力.研究结果表明:①反应层中木屑材料的强吸水特性使得灌水后短时间内反应层含水量大幅提升,形成有利于反硝化进行的厌氧环境.木屑通过水解作用释放大量溶解性有机碳,供给反硝化微生物进行脱氮.②在入渗硝态氮浓度为170.00 mg·L~(-1)条件下,反应层对硝态氮去除率最高可达97.63%.反应层脱氮量随处理水量增加而提升,当上层为砂土时脱氮量最高,可达24.61 g·m~(-3).③反应层中的NO~-_3-N发生了完全反硝化,出水中NO~-_2-N浓度低于0.5 mg·L~(-1),几乎不发生积累.同时,反应层中发生的DNRA过程使氨氮浓度小幅升高.强化脱氮反应层可阻控硝酸盐污染地下水. 相似文献
139.
140.
生物炭墙对紫色土坡耕地中氟苯尼考迁移影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用实验室批量平衡实验,研究紫色土坡耕地土壤中氟苯尼考吸附-解吸特征及生物炭施用的影响,此外,开展野外坡底生物炭(重量占比5%)可渗透反应墙的构建试验,观测自然降雨条件下该反应墙对坡耕地小区中氟苯尼考随地表径流与下渗水迁移的影响.结果表明,氟苯尼考在紫色土中的等温吸附行为符合Freundlich方程,在低浓度范围内(<2mg/L),生物炭的施用一方面提高了其在紫色土中的吸附量,吸附过程可能以内扩散为主,另一方面,显著降低其解吸量;紫色土坡耕地中的淋溶作用是氟苯尼考的主要迁移方式;坡底生物炭(5%)渗透墙的构建有效地减控了其在紫色土中的淋溶迁移以及深层侧向迁移. 相似文献