环境监测对中国企业生存的冲击和对其发展的促进

通过对中国环境监测背景及发展的介绍,和对中国企业生存现状的了解;浅析环境管制对中国企业生存现状的限制,以及探究中国企业在环境管制下的对应战略,呼吁中国企业将当下环境技术劣势转化为未来企业核心竞争力,促进其在国际潮流中长远发展。     

Zn/Cr型阴离子黏土的制备、表征及其对活性艳橙X-GN的去除性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备了Zn/Cr摩尔比为1∶1～5∶1的Zn/Cr型阴离子黏土(Zn/Cr-LDHs),选取2∶1 Zn/Cr-LDHs分别在300、400、500℃条件下放入马弗炉中煅烧2 h,制备了煅烧阴离子黏土(Zn/Cr-LDO).采用X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、原子吸收法(ASS)、比表面积测试法(BET)对上述制备的材料结构形态进行表征.研究2∶1 Zn/Cr-LDHs和Zn/Cr-LDO在紫外和避光条件下对活性艳橙X-GN的去除.实验表明,2∶1 Zn/Cr-LDHs的吸附效果不受紫外光照射的影响,煅烧后形成的Zn/Cr-LDO在紫外光的照射下,对活性艳橙X-GN的去除率是避光条件下的2倍,说明煅烧后的Zn/Cr阴离子黏土具有光催化性能,Zn/Cr-LDO对活性艳橙X-GN的去除是吸附和光催化的共同作用.     

凤眼莲净化治理滇池蓝藻污染的可行性研究

通过研究凤眼莲在生长过程中可吸收污水中大量氮、磷和其它重金属的特性,对比分析凤眼莲在滇池草海放养生长中的实验数据,认为在滇池草海放养凤眼莲治理滇池蓝藻,改善滇池水质的措施是可行的,论文还对凤眼莲的综合利用提出了方案。     

非均相催化氧化处理活性艳红染料废水

以粉煤灰作为载体,制备了非均相催化剂。研究了非均相催化氧化处理98mg·L^-1活性艳红模拟染料废水的实验效果。实验结果表明,在催化剂投加量40g·L^-1、30％的H2O2投加量3mL·L^-1、pH值4、处理时间10min的最佳处理条件下,非均相催化体系对活性艳红染料的脱色率达到98．21％。对比均相催化氧化法,非均相催化氧化技术提高了对活性艳红染料的脱色率,缩短了反应时间,提高了H2O2利用效率,扩大了pH值范围,改进了Fe^2＋流失的不足。     

污染场地卤代烃非生物自然衰减研究进展

传统的卤代烃自然衰减研究主要关注生物降解过程,然而近年有研究发现卤代烃可以被地层中的活性矿物还原降解.对天然活性矿物介导下卤代烃非生物自然衰减的研究进展总结显示,可以还原降解卤代烃的天然矿物主要包括铁硫矿物、铁氧矿物和含铁黏土矿物等,其中铁硫矿物在含水层中分布最为广泛.常见的反应机制包括还原消除、氢解、自由基加成、自由基偶联、脱卤化氢、水解,其中还原消除和氢解是其中最重要的两种反应机制,常见于卤代烷烃和卤代烯烃的非生物降解.卤代烃的非生物降解产物主要取决于还原降解途径和母体卤代烃.不同矿物对卤代烃的降解活性大致表现为马基诺矿?黄铁矿>黑云母>蛭石≈绿锈>磁铁矿≈蒙脱石.卤代烃的降解速率除受矿物种类影响外,还受到卤代烃种类、pH、硫化物浓度、共存金属离子、天然有机物、矿物形态等因素的影响.现有的研究已经确证活性矿物的还原降解是卤代烃自然衰减的重要机制,但该领域中仍然有一些重要知识点有待进一步研究.关于活性铁矿物Fe（Ⅱ）类型和反应能力之间的关系、还原卤代烃过程中Fe（Ⅱ）的结构变化以及结构态Fe（Ⅱ）向卤代烃的电子转移方式等仍然不清楚,建议进行更深入的研究;现有研究大都基于实验室小试装置,实际场地的研究不多,建议今后进一步探究实验室发现的规律是否符合场地中的实际情况;地下水位波动导致活性矿物间歇性暴露在溶解氧中,可能产生羟自由基（·OH）实现并导致卤代烃的氧化降解,这方面的研究目前尚存在不足,建议给予更多关注.      

肠杆菌对偶氮染料活性黑5的脱色研究

从实验室处理印染废水的改良厌氧-缺氧-好氧系统的活性污泥中分离出对偶氮染料具有脱色活性的菌体,研究了不同pH值、脱色温度、接菌量以及装液量等条件对菌株降解活性黑5的影响,并设计正交实验,获得其降解模拟偶氮染料废水的最佳反应条件.研究结果表明,菌株Enterobacter sp.Gl在30℃、pH为6、装液量为100 m...     

Metabolic responses of weeping willows to selenate and selenite

Goal, Scope and Background Selenium (Se) is one of the most widely distributed elements of the earth’s crust at low concentrations. The extensive use of Se-containing chemicals due to anthropogenic activities has increased the ecological risk to environmental compartments. Plants, under unfavorable environmental conditions, often increase the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and consequently plant antioxidant enzymatic systems have been proposed to be important in plant stress tolerance. The goal of this study was to find out the metabolic responses of plants to Se, to provide quantitative information whether exogenous Se has a beneficial role in plants, and to investigate the potential of vegetation management of Se for potential phytoremediation. Material and Methods Pre-rooted plants of weeping willows (Salix babylonica L.) were grown hydroponically in growth chambers and treated with Na₂SeO₄ or Na₂SeO₃ at 24.0 ± 1°C for 168 h. Five different treatment concentrations were used, ranging from 0.44 to 8.72 mg Se/L for the treatments exposed to SeO₄²⁻ and from 0.50 to 10.0 mg Se/L for the treatments exposed to SeO₃²⁻, respectively. Transpiration rates, soluble protein contents and antioxidative enzyme activities of the plants were monitored to evaluate toxicity from exogenous Se exposure. At the end of the study, total Se in the hydroponic solution was analyzed by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). Results Both chemical forms of Se at low concentrations showed growth-promoting effects on plants. A significant decrease of transpiration rates and of soluble protein contents of plants was observed at higher Se concentrations after 168 h of exposure. Measurable change of superoxide dismutases (SOD) activity in leaves was only detected under high Se treatments. Catalase (CAT) activity was significantly affected by the Se application. Slight change of peroxidase (POD) activity was measured in all treatments, whereas significant inhibition of POD activity was detected for the plants exposed to SeO₃²⁻ of 10.0 mg Se/L. Se-induced stress appeared in all treatments, thus resulting in measurable increase of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of the plants. Although both chemical forms of Se were taken up by weeping willows efficiently, their uptake rates were different. Discussion Of all measured parameters, POD and CAT activities in leaves were noted the most sensitive indicator for the plants exposed to SeO₄²⁻ and SeO₃²⁻, respectively. Deleterious effects on plant physiological functions due to Se application were not observed over 168 h of exposure. This is largely due to the fact that well-established antioxidant enzymatic systems in plants and higher activities of GSH-Px largely reduced the negative effects on plants; SeO₃²⁻ caused much more severe stress to plants than SeO₄²⁻ at higher Se application rates. The uptake mechanisms between the two chemical species were quite different. Conclusions Neither visible toxic symptoms nor metabolic lesions were observed at low concentrations of Se, probably due to the effective established enzymatic systems in weeping willows. All selected parameters for toxicity determination were significantly correlated to Se application, but metabolic responses of plants to SeO₄²⁻ and SeO₃²⁻ were quite different. GSH-Px in leaves was probably the principle enzyme responsible for stress reduction from Se exposure. Due to their different chemical properties, weeping willows showed a faster uptake rate for SeO₄²⁻ than for SeO₃²⁻. Recommendations Exogenous Se has a beneficial role in plants and vegetation management of Se is a potential remediation strategy in cleaning up Se-contaminated sites. Further investigation on the biochemical mechanism of Se metabolism will provide insight to the specific interactions between Se and plants on the molecular level. Perspectives Weeping willow has a sound potential for phytoremediation of Se-contaminated sediment and groundwater because the tree is not only tolerant to Se but also uptakes chemical species from the environment.     

LiFePO4非均相Fenton法处理亚甲基蓝染料的研究

采用水热法制备出LiFePO4催化剂,通过电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)对其进行表征,并将其作为非均相Fenton催化剂处理亚甲基蓝(MB)染料溶液。实验结果表明,在催化剂用量为4 g/L,H2O2浓度为0.04 mol/L,pH值为3,温度为50℃,反应时间为60 min的条件下,浓度为500 mg/L的亚甲基蓝脱色率达99%。根据实验结果,讨论了LiFePO4作为非均相Fenton催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解机理。     

Quantized control settings based tuning of a heaving wave energy converter in irregular seas

The increasing awareness of environmental issues attracts more attention on environmentally friendly energy sources. This leads to increasing research on effective use of renewable energy sources. Among them, wave energy offers a high potential. The wave energy converter systems used for transforming the wave energy into electrical energy have been a main research topic for decades. However, only a few of these systems has been successfully implemented. There seems to be some technical problems one of which is on their control applications. It has been reported that by means of appropriate control implementation, the performance of the wave energy converter system could be improved considerably. In literature, many different control techniques are reported. They appear to be weak due to implementation related restrictions. The present study proposes a novel control technique that is far more practical based on quantization of control settings. Various quantization levels and their effect on system power capture performance are studied. The technique assumes use of realistic off-the-shelf components with realistic features. The proposed method utilizes time-series-analysis technique with online parameter estimation feature. This new method does not require any knowledge of previous or future states of any of the system or sea state parameters, but only the currently available and measurable ones. The approach of the new control technique sets it apart from most of the previously reported ones. Therefore, the proposed technique is not only very much practical but also very much useful in improvement of the system power performance relative to passive techniques.     

离子液体对有机染料的萃取行为

以疏水性离子液体1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([bmim]PF6)为萃取剂,液-液体系中对6种常见有机染料结晶紫、孔雀绿、罗丹明B、亚甲基蓝、铬天青S以及偶氮氯膦Ⅲ的萃取行为进行了研究,考察了溶液pH、萃取时间、离子液体浓度以及盐的含量对萃取率的影响.结果表明,离子液体对水中不同结构染料的萃取能力有很大差异:在pH 3—9的条件下,离子液体对结晶紫和亚甲基蓝的萃取能力很强,萃取率均在90%以上;在pH值3—5的条件下,对孔雀绿的萃取率在86%以上;在pH值为3的条件下,对罗丹明B的萃取率为94%,且酸度减小时萃取率下降;在pH 7—11时对铬天青S和偶氮氯膦Ⅲ的萃取率分别小于36%和29%,且酸度增大时萃取率下降.对各种染料均可在5—10 min内完成萃取,萃取后分相迅速,相界面清晰,无浑浊或第三相形成,有着传统有机溶剂无法比拟的优点.本研究对采用离子液体萃取净化染料废水和回收废弃燃料具有一定的参考价值.