典型装备备件消耗规律研究

目的制订合理的备件保障计划,提高备件保障工作的科学性。方法通过对某典型装备中正态寿命件和伽马寿命件修理方法的分析,依据更新过程理论以及概率论和数理统计方法,建立典型装备正态寿命件和伽马寿命件的消耗规律数学模型,并举例说明。结果通过示例,证明了建立的备件消耗规律数学模型具有较好的适用性。结论依据备件的消耗规律,可以为建制单位实现备件的精确化保障提供理论依据。     

石油管道储运企业清洁生产审核方法探讨与实践

文章分析了石油管道储运企业的生产工艺特点和技术特征,指出现有的制造业和第三产业的清洁生产审核方法及评价指标体系不能完全适用于石油管道储运企业.文章针对该类企业生产过程中能耗高和存在潜在风险等特点,探索并确定了以能耗平衡和物料平衡为核心、以风险评估为重点的清洁生产审核方法,并用于实际审核.文章为石油管道储运企业的节能、降耗、减排和风险防范提供了技术支持,也为该类企业的清洁生产审核提供了有效的借鉴.     

湿式电除尘器给排水技术的研究与应用

湿式电除尘器是作为燃煤电厂大气污染治理的终端精处理设备的首选,但湿式电除尘器存在耗水量巨大、排出的灰水存在二次污染、内部件腐蚀严重等问题,严重影响了湿式电除尘器在国内燃煤电厂上的大型化应用。为此,对湿式电除尘器的喷淋给水、水质、灰水循环利用、废水排放等进行了研究分析并结合实际工程应用经验加以阐述,提出了科学合理的给水和排水方式,实现了湿式电除尘器在燃煤电厂工艺系统上的零水耗,有效解决了内部件腐蚀问题。     

An environment-friendly engine selection methodology for aerial vehicles

Emitted exhaust gases from aircraft are an issue of concern from an environmental perspective. Many research studies have been conducted aiming to reduce aircraft emissions in the hope of preventing any further increase in climate change and global warming. Within this scope, the present study intends to present a methodology for an optimum gas turbine engine selection with regard to emitted exhaust gases. The methodology focuses on five different turbofan engines which constitute the power unit of a commonly used passenger aircraft. At the end of the study, it is considered to be impossible to achieve a minimum exhaust emission for each gas. For this reason, it is considered to be better to optimize the engine with the aim of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions or other exhaust emissions.     

基于STIRPAT模型的中国城镇生活能源消费影响因素研究

为探究人口规模、收入水平、消费倾向、节能政策和技术等因素对中国城镇生活能源消费的影响,基于拓展的STIRPAT模型并运用2000~2013年中国省际面板数据对各影响因素的效应进行评估。结果显示:城镇生活能源强度、城镇居民消费倾向、人均可支配收入、城镇化率、总人口、政策综合力度6个因素的增长率每变化1%,将会引起城镇生活能源消费量增长率0.9322%、0.8537%、(0.559 2+0.169 2 ln DI)%、0.599 8%、0.408 0%、-0.012 0%的变化,表明除节能政策外,其余5因素均正向促进城镇生活能耗增长。其中生活能源强度对城镇生活能耗影响最大,节能政策虽会抑制城镇生活能耗增长,但作用较为微弱。政府需继续加强节能政策综合实施力度,从而实现生活能源消费领域的节能减排。     

城市居民低碳消费行为的研究

21世纪充满着挑战，当世界上还有许多国家需要解决基本的生存问题之时，又要面对过去因单一的经济利益驱动而过度开发带来的环境问题、温室效应问题、资源危机问题等，人类要继续发展下去，就必须面对并尽可能解决这些问题。就解决温室效应问题而引出的低碳消费话题进行了一次调查问卷。调研获得的相关数据的结论，有助于南京市政府职能部门采取相应政策和措施，这样就可以引导南京市居民树立低碳消费理念，使南京市居民实施低碳消费行为。     

The relationship between economic and carbon footprint changes in EU: The achievements of the EU sustainable consumption and production policy implementation

The Sustainable Consumption and Production policy is a key objective in the renewed European Union (EU) Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS). EU countries implement the targets of Sustainable Consumption and Production policy at different a level. Nevertheless, SDS targets are concerned more with production than consumption side. In addition, analysis of the carbon footprint data, which was supplied by the Global Footprint Network, showed that in all EU countries consumption-based carbon footprint caught-up and exceeded the level of production-based carbon (except Denmark and Estonia) during 1993–2010 period. The significant absolute decoupling in terms of carbon footprint from production-based perspective was observed in Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, Slovakia, Poland, United Kingdom and Germany, meanwhile from consumption-based perspective only in Denmark, Estonia and Germany. Moreover in Spain, Portugal, Italy and Croatia the consumption-based carbon footprint grew faster than economy in general. Results imply that EU should put more focus on consumption side in terms of Sustainable Consumption and Production policy and measures taken. A commitment to reduce the environmental impact from consumption-based perspective should be more addressed covering values and lifestyles.     

聚乙烯醇缩-5-甲酰基-2,4-二羟基苯偶氮安替比林液-固萃取和光度测定镍的研究

本文报道了2,4-二羟基-5-安替比林偶氮苯甲醛(DAP)及DAP与聚乙烯醇(PVA)的缩合产物(PV·DAP)的合成.并利用PV·DAP做萃取剂,析相萃取和光度测定了铝合金和环境水样中的镍.实验结果还表明,高分子显色剂与相应的小分子试剂相比,在液-固萃取方面表现为易获得高萃取率且不受萃合物电性的影响,在光度测定方面则表现出较高的灵敏度和稳定性.从而说明试剂的高分子化可改善其性能.     

Sustainability through system transformation: lessons from Finnish efforts

This special issue of the Journal of Cleaner Production addresses system transformation by examining progress, stumbling blocks and opportunities for sustainable consumption and production in a specific country, Finland, set within a global context. The articles present and analyse top-down policy efforts, bottom-up efforts by municipalities, activities by companies and actions by consumers. They provide material for discussions on the shift from sustainability planning to enhancing system transformation, on the implications of globalisation for system boundaries, on the transformation of complex systems, on learning processes and on methods of assessing transitions. Without providing a singular solution, the articles show that issues of sustainability should be explored in different ways within different contexts, and experimented with. There is a continuous need for transformations and reflexive learning, since conditions are likely to become very different, not least due to climate change. The notion of change and transformation will be high on the agenda of the Rio+20 conference, as will similar efforts to promote large-scale transformations of consumption and production.     

天津某污水处理厂的能源审计与节能潜力分析

以天津某污水处理厂的能源审计为例,通过统计核算该厂的能源消费数据和经济数据,分析了该厂的能源利用状况,讨论了其在生产和管理过程中的节能潜力,并针对性地提出了切实可行的节能建议.研究成果对促进企业经济和环境的可持续发展具有重要意义,同时也为其他污水处理厂节能工作的开展和推进提供参考.