Research on energy structure and development strategy from 2010 to 2015 in Qingdao,China

With the fast development of Qingdao’s economy, the energy consumption is increasing significantly. In this paper, based on the energy statistic data in Qingdao area from 2010 to 2015, energy consumption structure was analyzed, indicating the existence of single energy structure; that is, coal, petroleum, and natural gas are dominant in the area. Thus, some issues between energy supply and demand have been brought. To solve present problem, we put forward to formulate the development strategy of energy, including energy savings, the exploitation of petroleum and natural gas resources, the development and utilization of renewable energy sources, and energy policy. It is worthy of mentioning that, according to the geological investigation, the shale gas may be abundant in Qingdao area and the gas resource amount estimated is huge. This is our first finding, important for developing unconventional energy and adjusting the energy structure in Qingdao in the future. Therefore, we suggest that Qingdao government should take action to develop local new energy resources for satisfying the energy demand.     

固体试剂快速测定水中阴离子表面活性剂

对亚甲蓝分光光度法进行改进,用固体试剂快速测定水中的阴离子表面活性剂。在最大吸收波长652nm处,阴离子表面活性剂质量浓度为0~2.0m g/L时遵守比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.56×104L/(m o.lcm),检出限为0.03m g/L。该方法用于自来水、河水和工业废水中阴离子表面活性剂的测定,取得了满意结果。环境水样的平均回收率为88.3%~108.0%,相对标准偏差不超过4.67%。     

循环流动系统的压力调节及能量消耗问题

本项目对立式循环流动系统内气体压力、流量变化的调节控制方法,通风机的能量消耗等实际工程问题,进行了一系列的试验研究。其研究成果可以用于其他工程设计项目,对提高我国通风除尘系统的设计质量有一定的现实意义。     

Industrial transformation towards sustainability of the energy system

Human induced climate change is one of the single most significant indicators that human society is not pursuing a sustainable trajectory. Managing the risks requires a major transformation of the way energy needs are met. Such a transformation includes changes in the production and consumption system and the incentive structure that shapes this system. The major driving force for transformation is the public concern about the environmental impact of the present fossil fuel based energy system. We may expect that energy producers, encouraged by governments, NGOs and consumer preferences will be responding to these concerns and expectations sooner or later. In fact a number of major international energy companies are presently adjusting their strategies to the needs and concerns of the public. A mix of measures including energy efficiency, a switch to natural gas, major investments in low carbon and renewable energy technologies and underground storage of carbon are elements of such new strategies. Consumers in a number of OECD countries have expressed their willingness to pay more for energy, provided it is green and clean. NGOs continue to put pressure on governments to deal with the climate problem. The challenge for governments is to develop an institutional framework that helps the producers and consumers to go through a transformation of the energy system. As different groups in society are likely to support different strategies, this paper suggests that a pluralistic policy approach including efficiency standards, renewable energy portfolio standards, carbon taxes, and the introduction of a system of tradable emission permits is the most promising approach for a transformation towards a low carbon energy economy. Research can support a transformation of the energy system by exploring the various transformation scenarios. Such research should take a multi-disciplinary approach, it should focus on the energy system as a whole, including production, consumption and the incentive structure that shapes the interaction between the two and it should be international in scope. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fenton试剂预处理高浓度丁腈胶乳生产废水

采用Fenton试剂预处理高浓度丁腈胶乳生产废水,确定最佳操作条件为:[H2O2]= 2 664 mg/L,[Fe2 ]=219 mg/L,初始pH=5.0,25 ℃下反应60 min,此条件下废水COD去除率可达80%以上.经正交试验得出各因素对废水COD去除率的影响顺序为:pH＞[H2O2]＞[Fe2 ]＞反应时间.动力学研究表明,在此最佳操作条件下,反应近似符合一级反应动力学,动力学方程ln(C0/C)=0.018 7t 0.783 1,反应速率常数k=0.018 7 min-1,半衰期t 1/2=37.1 min.     

酸析-Fenton试剂氧化-混凝法处理制浆废水

用酸析-Fenton试剂氧化-混凝法对自偶氧化清洁制浆废水进行预处理,考察了各种因素对处理效果的影响。最佳处理条件：酸析时的废水pH为3．0;酸析后上层清液无需调节pH,加水稀释至COD为2000mg／L后进行Fenton试剂氧化,H2O2加入量为84．56mmol／L,FeS04加入量为8．44mmol／L,反应时间60min;混凝时Ca（OH）：加入量为2g／L。最终出水的COD为577．20mg／L（COD去除率为71．14％）,色度为36倍,pH为8．60。     

水泥回转窑处理废弃化学试剂的实验

实验室或生产中产生的废弃化学试剂是一类危险废物,必须进行特殊处理,用水泥回转窑处置是一种值得推广的方法。通过将实验室常用的8类化学试剂在回转窑实验,表明水泥掺加化学试剂后,水泥熟料xrd图谱相似,主要矿物相没有发生改变;对水泥的7、28d抗压强度的影响较小,熟料试样在其水化28d时各重金属的浸出量都很低,符合国家标准。因此利用水泥回转窑处理废弃化学试剂方法可行,对环境不具危害作用。     

乌鲁木齐终端能源消费结构与采暖季PM10污染相关性分析

通过定量分析近年环境空气质量变化,建立并验证采暖季PM10与能源消费结构的多元回归方程,得出了各个主要终端能源消费比例变化对采暖季PM10的影响效果,解释了提高清洁能源消费比例对改善空气质量所起到的作用,为进一步治理采暖季PM10的污染提出了相应措施.     

Grey relation analysis of carbon dioxide emissions from industrial production and energy uses in Taiwan

This study aims to identify key factors affecting energy-induced CO₂emission changes from 34 industries in Taiwan, in order to have an integrated understanding of the industrial environmental-economic-energy performance and to provide insights for relevant policy making in Taiwan. Grey relation analysis was used in this paper to analyse how energy-induced CO₂emissions from 34 industries in Taiwan are affected by the factors: production, total energy consumption, coal, oil, gas and electricity uses. The methodology was modified by taking account of the evolutionary direction among relevant factors. Furthermore, tests of sensitivity and stability, which are seldom discussed in most grey relation analyses, were conducted to ensure the reliability of outcomes. We found that values ranging from 0·3 to 0·5 are appropriate, and the analytical results with value of 0·5 offer moderate distinguishing effects and good stability. Results indicate that industrial production has the closest relationship with aggregate CO₂emission changes; electricity consumption the second in importance. It reveals that the economy in Taiwan relied heavily on CO₂intensive industries, and that electricity consumption had become more important for economic growth. The relational order of fuels is electricity, coal, oil then gas, accordant with their CO₂emission coefficients in Taiwan. The positive relational grade of aggregate production implies that the aggregate industrial CO₂intensity tended to decline. The total energy consumption had a smaller and negative relational grade with CO₂emissions, and implies an improvement on aggregate energy intensity, while the CO₂emission coefficient increased. For industries with significant influence on CO₂emissions, the total energy consumption had the largest relational grades. It is important to reduce the energy intensity of these industries. Nevertheless, it is also critical to decouple energy consumption and production to reduce the impacts of CO₂mitigation on economic growth.     

基于投入产出方法的中国居民虚拟水消费研究

居民在消费商品或服务的过程中,即在消费隐含其中的虚拟水,并且虚拟水的消费量远大于实物形态的水的消耗。不同消费模式对水资源的需求差异很大。文章借助投入产出方法计算了2002年中国各省及城乡居民的虚拟水消费情况,并分析了造成虚拟水消费差距的原因。结果表明,人均虚拟水消费量省际间及城乡间差异显著,基本是发达地区高于欠发达地区,城镇高于农村;每万元消费的虚拟水含量省际间及城乡间也有所不同,基本是欠发达地区高于发达地区,农村高于城镇。分析认为,消费水平和消费结构是造成这种差异的根本原因。