UV-vis/草酸铁络合物/H2O2法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

在紫外光照下,利用H2O2和草酸铁络合物对垃圾渗滤液进行了处理,探讨了紫外光照时间、pH值、fenton试剂、草酸铵对垃圾渗滤液中CODCr去除率的影响.结果表明:UV-vis/草酸铁络合物/H2O2法对垃圾渗滤液CODCr去除率有较好的效果,当操作条件是:pH取3,反应时间为1 h,H2O2投加量为1.4 mL,H2O2/FeSO4·7H2O投加比(摩尔比)为5∶1,草酸铵投加量为5.5 mL时,CODCr的去除率达到了78.8%.     

Transforming environmental psychology

Although it is recognised that the individual and the external world are linked in complex and mutual ways and can only be treated together as one phenomenon there is little evidence that transactionalist approaches, despite potentially providing a truly distinctive approach for environmental psychology, have been fully understood or operationalised. We take as our starting point the theoretical proposition that individuals are the sum of their social relations, i.e., they are the cause and consequence of their relations to others and the environment. Therefore environmental psychology should give priority to examining the reciprocity between people and environment and the ways in which they mutually reproduce the material conditions for their existence. Drawing on the example of sustainable development, we argue that any attempt to develop a sustainable society has to understand how the relationships between individuals and their social contexts can be changed. Thus the emphasis in a transformative environmental psychology should shift to the relations of production and consumption and the social and political relations within which values, attitudes and behaviours are formed, and unsustainable ways of living and working as well as the environment are produced and reproduced.     

工业能源消费对环境质量影响的灰色关联分析——以湘潭市为例

能源消费引起了严重的环境污染,降低了环境质量,影响了经济发展.将灰色关联分析引入到湘潭市的能源消费和环境质量关系研究中,利用统计数据进行定量分析,探索现有能源消费结构和其环境影响的内在灰色关联,确定各种能源消费对湘潭市环境质量的不同影响程度,为调整能源消费结构、最小化环境压力、改善环境质量提供科学依据.     

Fenton试剂催化氧化嘧啶废水的特性

研究了Fenton催化氧化法对废水中嘧啶的去除效能,优化了处理体系中的反应条件,分析了各影响因子的作用机理;并用一元线性回归方程对不同温度下,嘧啶相对残余浓度对反应时间的相关性进行了定量分析。结果表明:温度为25℃,pH为3.5,Fe²⁺的投加量64 mmol/L,H₂O₂投加量为300 mmol/L时,反应2 h,Fenton试剂对嘧啶和COD的去除率分别达90%和50%以上;同时发现Fenton试剂对嘧啶的氧化降解具有相对优先性,且符合一级反应动力学模式,并计算表观反应速率常数和活化能。     

吸附-Fenton氧化-絮凝法处理对硝基苯胺生产废水

采用吸附-Fenton氧化-絮凝法处理对硝基苯胺生产废水(简称废水),研究了吸附剂、脱附温度、絮凝剂等因素对处理效果的影响.经实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:DM301大孔树脂加入量5.0 g/L,吸附时间20 h,Fenton氧化pH 3.0,H_20_2加入量0.3 moL/L,m(Fe):m(H_20_2)=6,絮凝阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺加入量20 mg/L.在此条件下对COD为2 780 mg/L、色度为185倍和pH为12.2的废水进行处理,出水的COD、色度和pH分别为169 mg/L、10倍和6.5,COD去除率和色度去除率分别达到93.9%和94.5%.DM301树脂在10～25次重复使用后对硝基苯胺的平均总去除率为47.7%,对硝基苯胺的平均回收率为37.9%.     

一种新型除尘电源及其节电机理分析

介绍一种新型除尘电源——F系列高频、高压静电除尘电源。通过实际工程应用并与工频电源的耗电进行了比较,得出F系列电源节电的结论,并对这一结论做了节电机理分析。     

焦化废水泡沫分离液的Fenton催化氧化预处理

以焦化废水处理过程产生的泡沫分离液为研究对象,对其进行Fenton催化氧化处理实验,考察H₂O₂用量、Fe²⁺浓度、pH和反应时间4个因素对处理效果的影响,并结合GC/MS方法比较处理前后泡沫分离液中有机物的种类及其生物降解性的变化。结果表明,采用［H₂O₂］=100 mmol/L、［Fe²⁺］=100 mg/L、pH=3、反应时间为30 min的Fenton催化氧化反应条件,可以使分离液的COD去除率达到68%以上;经Fenton处理后,分离液的B/C值由0.12提高至0.38,生物降解性明显改善;通过GC/MS的分析,基本明确分离液中含有的有机物主要为酚、胺、腈、酯类有机物及喹啉、吡啶等杂环化合物,大多数属于难降解且生物毒性较强的有机物。针对这些复杂组分共存的泡沫分离液,利用Fenton试剂较强的氧化能力能够将其含有的有毒/难降解有机物转化为低毒或无毒的小分子有机物,为其后续的生物处理创造良好的条件。     

肝素提取废水的GC-MS分析和处理研究

肝素钠废水含有高浓度无机盐和大量有机污染物,对环境具有潜在的毒性且难以处理,已经受到环境工作者的关注。为了了解废水的主要成分和处理此类废水,本实验用GC-MS对废水进行了分析,并且利用芬顿试剂对其进行了处理,结果发现废水中有机物有26种,其中脂肪酸和芳香衍生物占有较大比例,处理后,有机成分只有3种;讨论了影响处理效果的因素和最佳的工艺条件,发现当pH 值为6.66,硫酸亚铁和过氧化氢的量分别为2.5 g/L和2.8‰ (v/v),搅拌速度为2 000 r/min, 搅拌时间为15 min时,COD的去除率可达到94.50%。     

Measuring environmental degradation by using principal component analysis

The objective of the paper is to measure environmental degradation on the basis of some selected indicators by the application of a simple multivariate technique known as Principal Component Analysis. For this purpose the study considered six variables, namely, GDP per capita, fuel consumption, total fertility rate, water supply, sanitation, and electricity. However, because of unavailability of data, the variables such as technology relating to environment, waste disposal, air pollution, women/gender issues relating to environment, corruption, democracy etc. could not be considered. The results show that principal components explain about 62% of the variations in the level of environmental degradation. The variables like GDP per capita, fuel consumption, water supply and electricity played a major role in classifying the countries in terms of environmental degradation compared to the variables, sanitation and total fertility rate. The findings show that countries which have high GDP per capita, low fuel consumption, higher percentage of people having access to water supply and sanitation as well as electricity ranked higher in terms of environmental quality despite high fertility rate as shown by the spectacular example of Saudi Arabia. By contrast, those countries which have low percentage of population having access to safe water and sanitation as well as electricity, high fuel consumption and high fertility were ranked lower in terms of environmental quality despite high per capita income, as shown by the example of Angola which is placed in lowest position among the 51 selected countries. The results also show that correlation between poverty and environmental degradation is particularly acute in African countries where high population growth is acting as an exacerbating factor. The study concluded that high fertility has much impact on environmental degradation in case of poorer countries than in case of rich countries.

能源消费与环境污染的边限协整分析

能源的使用是导致环境恶化的主要原因之一,所以研究能源消费与不同污染物之间的关系就很有必要。本文以1985-2007年的年度数据为样本,建立了自回归分布滞后—误差修正模型,并运用边限检验对我国的能源消费与环境污染之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:长期来看能源消费总量、煤炭占能源消费总量的比重和水电、核电、风电占能源消费总量的比重对SO2的排放有重要影响,但是对工业烟尘排放量来说只有水电、核电、风电占能源消费总量的比重的影响是显著的;短期来看煤炭占能源消费总量的比重对SO2排放的影响是显著的,能源消费总量和水电、核电、风电占能源消费总量的比重对工业烟尘的排放有显著影响。由于能源消费总量和结构对不同污染物的长期和短期影响存在较大差异,所以在治理时应区别对待。