重点国有林区家庭文化消费影响因素分析

当前,我国重点国有林区的经济处于调整发展结构的关键时期,林区家庭的生活水平正在逐步提高,人们对文化产品消费也发生了很大的变化。采用重点国有林区大规模连续跟踪入户调查数据,运用二元Logistic回归分析研究了我国国有林区家庭文化产品消费的影响因素。结果表明:户主年龄、精神层面是否满足对文化消费具有负向影响,而家庭收入、医疗保障水平对文化消费具有正向影响。基于研究结果,从4个方面提出对策建议:(1)转变我国国有林区居民文化消费观念。(2)完善国有林区文化基础设施建设。(3)提升文化消费层次,营造文化消费氛围。(4)推进国有林区文化产品供给侧结构性改革,激发市场活力。     

中国居民天然气消费重心迁移路径及增长动因分解

在研究2000-2014年中国居民天然气消费重心迁移路径及其变化特征的基础上,首先运用夏普利值分解八大经济区域对重心迁移的贡献率,然后采用LMDI分解方法,将天然气消费增量分解为基础设施效应、服务效率效应、需求效应,探讨各区域对重心迁移贡献大小的原因与规律。结果显示：2000-2014年居民天然气消费重心经历了向西北、东南、东北方向迁移的三个阶段;2000-2003年西北、西南和东北地区,2003-2008年东部沿海、南部沿海地区,2008-2014年北部沿海、东部沿海和长江中游地区是居民消费重心迁移的主要推力;2000-2014年,基础设施效应一直是促进中国及各区域居民天然气增长的主要动因,而未来效率效应和需求效应将会逐步成为大部分区域的主要驱动因素。     

BP神经网络法预测唐山市需水量

需水量预测研究已成为当前水资源规划与管理研究中的重要课题之一.本文设定不同的神经网络运行次数,根据预测结果进行误差分析,BP神经网络在运行5 000次时,具有高度的可信度和可行性.应用5 000次运行次数的BP神经网络模型对唐山市规划水平年的需水量进行预测.最后引入人均综合用水量概念,结果表明,预测结果在理论上和实际上都具有可行性.     

基于生命周期分析方法的家庭消费生态影响评价

建立了基于生命周期分析方法的可持续消费评价模型,并对2 0 0 0年中国城市家庭消费行为的生态影响进行了分析,比较了不同消费行为对生态影响的贡献。结果发现,2 0 0 0年中国城市家庭消费的生态影响主要来自与交通相关的消费行为,其次是食品和居住消费     

Development of Indicators to Assess Economic Vulnerabilities to Changes in Ecosystem Services: Case Study of Counties in Maryland,USA

We develop indicators showing the relative environmental burdens that human activities place on locales for a given level of economic benefits. The main purpose is to develop tools that allow us to examine the potential vulnerabilities within economies to changes in resource conditions. The indicators of pollution emission or resource consumption per job can be used to identify potential challenges to resource and industry managers and to compare areas in terms of their ability to adapt to change. For example, if a large number of area jobs are dependent on abundant water, this indicates a vulnerability to a reduction in water availability for industrial use. We develop a case study for 23 counties and 1 city in Maryland to examine the usefulness and limitations of the indicators. Our case study demonstrates that the indicators provide an informative view into patterns of local economic activity and use of an area’s environmental goods and services. In contrast to patterns for total environmental burdens (e.g., total SO₂ emissions) that are typically reported, the rates of environmental burden per job are not simply correlated with high or low economic output. Thus, the indicators represent distinct patterns of environmental burdens per job that reflect reliance on environmental services. The indicators have some limitations when used at this fine scale because they can misrepresent conditions in counties in which economic sectors are dominated by one or a few businesses. For this reason, the indicators are best used as a regional screening tool.     

绿色消费与社会可持续发展的思考

消费的过程实质上就是一个资源消耗的过程。随着地球上有限资源被不断地消耗，因消费而引起的环境污染也日益严重，社会可持续发展的问题摆在了人们弱面前。本文介绍了绿色消费及其产生的背景，简析了目前中国的消费现状及国内外绿色消费与环境标志产品，提出了促进中国的绿色消费和实现社会可持续发展的对策。     

The Fat of the Land: Linking American Food Overconsumption, Obesity, and Biodiversity Loss

Americans’ excessive consumption of food harms their health and quality of life and also causes direct and indirect environmental degradation, through habitat loss and increased pollution from agricultural fertilizers and pesticides. We show here that reducing food consumption (and eating less meat) could improve Americans’ health and well-being while facilitating environmental benefits ranging from establishing new national parks and protected areas to allowing more earth-friendly farming and ranching techniques. We conclude by considering various public policy initiatives to lower per capita caloric intake and excessive meat consumption, and to translate this temperate behavior into substantial environmental protection.     

污水处理工程中节能问题的探讨

人们在污水处理厂的建设中对污水处理工艺的先进性、可靠性以及工程投资大小考虑较多，而对污水处理厂建成后的运营管理考虑较少，因而造成许多污水处理厂建成后由于运营成本过高不能正常运行。从能耗角度出发，分析造成运行成本高的主要原因以及相应采取的措施。     

Can China control the side effects of motor vehicle growth?

Motor vehicle growth in China is the fastest in the world. This is placing great strain on the urban environment and causing a rapid increase in oil imports and motor vehicle carbon dioxide emissions. To deal with the environmental and health effects of air pollution, China has adopted a strong motor vehicle pollution control programme and imposed limits on fuel consumption of new light duty vehicles. The article will review these problems and programmes. Special focus will be given to the need to reduce sulphur levels in both gasoline and diesel fuel.     

Recent trends in the decomposition of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons by ultrasound irradiation and Fenton's reagent

Over the past few years, a large number of studies have been conducted on the use of ultrasound for decomposition of harmful organic pollutants, particularly chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (CAH) in wastewater. The published reports cover a variety of applications, including both ultrasonic treatment alone and in combination with other methods, e.g., advanced chemical oxidation processes. This article presents a review of recent work on ultrasonic-based methods of CAH decomposition, with emphasis on the applications of ultrasound alone and in combination with Fenton's reagent, as attractive advanced oxidation systems. In the first part of this review, the basic principles of sonochemical treatment are presented, followed by a review of the applications of ultrasound alone for CAH degradation. In the second part, the mechanisms of CAH degradation with Fenton's reagent and its application for CAH degradation are summarized. In the final part, studies on the applications of ultrasound together with Fenton's reagent are reviewed. The reported results suggest that a combination of ultrasound and Fenton's reagent is more attractive for practical application than the use of either method separately. Further studies, however, are required in this area because the reaction mechanism and the relationship between the reaction rates and process parameters for such a combined process are not yet well established.