Fenton试剂处理难降解有机废水及其应用

介绍了 Fenton试剂处理难降解有机废水的机理和影响因素 ,列举了 Fenton试剂处理一些难降解有机废水的反应条件及处理效果 ,并概述了其在实践中的应用。     

高浓度甲基橙湿式过氧化氢氧化及机理初探

采用湿式过氧化氢氧化法 (WPO)处理高浓度偶氮染料甲基橙溶液 ,考察了多种因素对去除效果的影响 ,结果表明 ,对于 4 0 0mg L的甲基橙溶液 ,其最佳处理条件为 :温度 16 0℃ ,H2 O2 浓度 33mg L ,Fe2 + 浓度为 91 2mg L ,处理后脱色率在 95 %以上。对比废水处理前后紫外光谱与红外光谱图的变化 ,说明染料分子结构中的偶氮键发生断裂 ,破坏了分子结构的偶氮 -苯环共轭发色体系 ,从而达到了脱色的目的     

US／Fenton协同降解苯酚模拟废水

研究了US／Fenton协同作用对水中苯酚的降解效果，探讨了Fenton试剂浓度、H2O2，Fe^2＋配比、溶液pH值等对苯酚降解效果的影响。结果表明：Fenton试剂投加量的增加对降解反应先促进后抑制；当H2O2/Fe^2＋配比为40：1，H2O2投加量为40mmol／L，溶液pH值3．0～7．0时,US／Fenton对苯酚的降解速率最快．反应30min后的降解效率远大于单独US、Fenton试剂氧化处理下的降解效率总和．其表现一级动力学速率常数增强因子可达到2．45，表明US／Fenton联用存在明显的协同效应。     

化学氧化—厌氧生物组合工艺处理纸浆废水的研究

研究了Fenton试剂氧化＋厌氧生物组合工艺处理纸浆废水的可行性，确定了Fenton试剂氧化处理的影响因素并对氧化出水进行了有关厌氧生物处理，结果证明采用化学氧化与生物处理相结合的处理方案是可行的。     

Fe2+-H2O2催化氧化加混凝处理苯酚磺酸废水

采用H2O2－Fe^2 催化氧化－混凝联合工艺对苯酚磺酸（PSA）废水进行了试验研究，对H2O2和Fe^2 的投加量、pH值、温度（T）、时间（t）等工艺参数进行了优选。结果表明，在H2O2／COD0(g/g）＝1.5，H2O2／Fe^2 (moL/moL)=10:1、pH=3.0-4.0、T＝30℃、t=30min的条件下，COD为1198mg/L的PSA废水经该工艺处理，COD去除率达94％。试运行结果表明，其出水水质达到国家排放标准（GB8978－1996）。     

Observation of chemical components of PM2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosol formation during haze and sandy haze days in Zhengzhou, China

Mineral dust particles play an important role in the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols, which largely contribute to haze pollution in China.During this study, a haze episode(haze days) and a typical haze process mixed with sandstorm(sandy haze days)were observed in Zhengzhou with a series of high-time-resolution monitoring instruments from November 22 to December 8, 2018.Concentrations of PM_(10) and crustal elements clearly increased in the sandy haze days.Concentrations of gaseous pollutants, metallic elements emitted from anthropogenic sources, nitrate, and ammonium during sandy haze days were slightly lower than those during the haze days but still obviously higher than those during the non-haze days.The sulfate concentrations, the sulfate fractions in PM_(2.5),and the sulfur oxidation ratios significantly increased in the sandy haze days.Heterogeneous reactions dominated the conversion of SO_2 during the haze and sandy haze days.Enhanced SO_2 conversion during the sandy haze days may be attributed to the high concentrations of transition metal ions from the sandstorm when the values of relative humidity(RH) were in 30%–70%, and high O_3 at certain time points.Gas-phase NO_2 oxidation reactions were the main pathways for nitrate formation.In the sandy haze days,higher nitrogen oxidation ratio(NOR) at daytime may be associated with higher RH and lower temperature than those in the haze days, which facilitate the gas-to-particle partitioning of nitrate; higher NOR values at night may be attributed to the higher O_3 concentrations, which promoted the formation of N_2O_5.     

三峡库区澎溪河回水区溶解态金属离子来源和时空分布特征分析

以三峡库区北岸最大支流澎溪河的高阳平湖段为例,探讨随着调水方式导致的水位变化,三峡库区支流金属离子Ca、Zn、Fe、Cr、Pb、Cu和Hg等在时间、水平和垂直空间维度上的分布和动态.在2013年6月5日~2014年5月29日为期1 a的采样周期内于澎溪河长年回水区高阳平湖的4个采样点采样共21次,平均每17.3 d采集一次.水体样品分别采自水体表层(0~0.5 m)、中层和底层(底泥以上0.5 m).冬季水体不分层期间,中层样品采自水深1/2处,分层时则采自温跃层.应用RBR-80220型水质自动分析仪监测各样点水温、电导率、水深等数据.水样采用冷原子吸收法和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定各金属质量浓度.运用Excel、SPSS软件进行数据统计分析;以Hg离子为例,利用Matlab软件构建各水位时期金属离子质量浓度分布三维柱状图.结果表明:(1)从水体可溶性金属离子质量浓度角度,澎溪河水质总体较好,Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn和Hg等离子均低于地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ类水质标准相应离子质量浓度;(2)在来源上,Cr、Pb和Cu等离子来源于干流回水;Fe和Zn离子来源于澎溪河内源;Hg离子来源受干流回水和内源影响.金属离子随着温度分层出现质量浓度分层现象;(3)影响高阳平湖电导率的主要物质是非金属离子.     

重庆市北碚城区气溶胶中水溶性无机离子的质量浓度及其粒径分布

为了研究重庆市北碚区城区气溶胶中水溶性无机离子的浓度和分布特征,于2014年3月~2015年2月利用安德森采样器连续采集大气气溶胶分级样品,并用离子色谱法分析了不同粒径(9.00、5.80、4.70、3.30、2.10、1.10、0.65和0.43μm)中Na~+、NH~_4~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、F-、Cl-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)这9种水溶性无机离子.结果表明,SO_4~(2-)、NH~_4~+、NO_3~-、Cl-、Na~+、K~+主要分布在细粒子中,Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、F-主要分布在粗粒子中.SNA(SO_4~(2-)、NH~_4~+和NO_3~-三者的简称)呈明显单峰型分布,其峰值均出现在0.65~1.10μm的液滴模态,且在细粒子中主要以(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3形式存在.SO_4~(2-)的形成主要来自云内过程,部分来自SO_2的氧化.Na~+、Cl-、Mg~(2+)在粗、细粒子中呈双峰型分布;K~+在0.43~1.10μm呈单峰型分布;F-、Ca~(2+)在粗粒子中出现峰值.观测期间,PM2.1和PM9.0中总水溶性离子的年均质量浓度分别为(32.68±15.28)μg·m~(-3)和(48.01±19.66)μg·m~(-3),且浓度具有相似季节变化特征,均表现为冬季春季夏季秋季.大部分离子(Na~+、NH~_4~+、K~+、Cl-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-))浓度表现为冬春季偏高,夏秋季偏低;而少数离子(F-、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+))浓度在秋季最低,其他季节浓度变化稍有不同.SNA是PM2.1中最主要的水溶性离子;而PM9.0中水溶性离子的主要成分除了SNA外,还包括Ca~(2+).PM2.1和PM9.0中阳离子总浓度明显高于阴离子,且不同离子间均具有一定的相关性.主成分分析结果表明,该地区水溶性离子的主要来源包括机动车尾气的排放源、燃烧源、土壤源和建筑道路扬尘.分析气象因素的影响,发现气温对二次离子的生成有明显关系(P0.05),而相对湿度、风速的影响则不显著(P0.05).     

密度效应对修复药剂在含水层迁移的影响——以KMnO4溶液为例的室内实验研究

利用典型的地下水修复药剂KMnO₄,通过一系列二维模拟槽实验,探究了密度效应作用下KMnO₄在模拟含水层的迁移分布规律,并分析了溶液浓度和介质粒径对密度效应的影响.结果表明,KMnO₄溶液在中砂和粗砂的模拟含水层中产生了明显的下沉现象,且迁移锋面的下沉程度会随着迁移进程不断加重,这导致KMnO₄的运移逐渐由推流向分层流转变,致使部分浅层模拟含水层无法接触KMnO₄;介质粒径越大、药剂浓度越高,密度效应造成的初期锋面下沉现象越明显,但后期下沉的变化幅度却和粒径与浓度成反比;对于锋面后的药剂迁移主体区域,KMnO₄会随着迁移时间延长逐渐分布均匀,并达到与原浓度基本一致的水平.     

Preparation and characterization of a novel hybrid chelating material for effective adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ)

The discharge of heavy metal ions such as Cu~2+and Pb~2+poses a severe threat to public health and the environment owing to their extreme toxicity and bioaccumulation through food chains Herein, we report a novel organic–inorganic hybrid adsorbent, Al(OH)_3-poly(acrylamide dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)-graft-dithiocarbamate(APD), for rapid and effectiv removal of Cu~2+and Pb~2+. In this adsorbent, the "star-like" structure of Al(OH)3 poly(acrylamide-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) served as the support of dithiocarbamat(DTC) functional groups for easy access of heavy metal ions and assisted development of larg and compact floccules. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). APD was demonstrated to hav rapid adsorption kinetics with an initial rate of 267.379 and 2569.373 mg/(g·min) as well a superior adsorption capacities of 317.777 and 586.699 mg/g for Cu~2+and Pb~2+respectively. Th adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, involving intraparticle diffusion and chemical interaction between heavy metal ions and the functional groups of APD. To assess it versatility and wide applicability, APD was also used in turbid heavy metal wastewater, and performed well in removing suspended particles and heavy metal ions simultaneously through flocculation and chelation. The rapid, convenient and effective adsorption of Cu~2+and Pb~2+give APD great potential for heavy metal decontamination in industrial applications.