电缆安全的地理信息系统监管模式

由于地下电缆的隐蔽性、动态性、网络性和多样性,决定了地下电缆信息管理与信息系统开发的复杂性与难度.给出了一种GIS综合安全监管开发模式,以解决数据的可靠性和精度,数据的动态更新等难题,对系统设计进行了较详细的描述.     

有机碳源对低碳氮比生活污水好氧脱氮的影响

利用间歇式生物膜反应器研究了有机碳源对低碳氮比(COD/TN在3左右)实际生活污水好氧脱氮的影响.处理实际生活污水的实验结果表明,在好氧条件下总氮平均去除率为80%.投加葡萄糖进行5个碳氮比的对比实验,随着COD/TN的升高,好氧总氮去除率由67%(COD/TN=1.63)逐渐上升至93.6%(COD/TN=8.43);但是当COD/TN超过8.43后,总氮去除率提高的并不明显(当COD/TN为8.89时,总氮去除率为96.8%).最后进行了不含有机碳源的实验,其好氧总氮平均去除率为24%.综合分析表明,同时硝化反硝化和好氧脱氨共同导致了SBBR处理低碳氮比生活污水的好氧脱氮.此外,在所有实验过程中,好氧脱氮终点在DO和pH的变化曲线上有相应的跃升点.利用该特征点可以实时控制好氧脱氮的反应时间,并有利于实现短程好氧脱氮.     

Achieving a real-time online monitoring system for conservation culturomics

Environmental monitoring is increasingly shifting toward a set of systems that describe changes in real time. In ecology specifically, a series of challenges have prevented the rollout of real-time monitoring for features such as biodiversity change or ecosystem service provision. Conservation culturomics, a field concerned with interactions between people and nature, is well placed to demonstrate how monitoring might move toward a network of real-time platforms, given its existence exclusively in the digital realm. We examined a set of considerations associated with the development of real-time monitoring platforms for conservation culturomics and introduce a near real-time platform for the Species Awareness Index, a global index of changing biodiversity awareness derived from the rate of change in page views for species on Wikipedia. This platform will update automatically each month, operating in near real time ( https://joemillard.shinyapps.io/Real_time_SAI/ ). There are plans to make the underlying data queryable via an application programing interface independent of the platform. The real-time Species Awareness Index will represent the first real-time and entirely automated conservation culturomic platform and one of the first real-time platforms in the discipline of ecology. Real-time monitoring for culturomics can provide insight into human–nature interactions as they play out in the physical realm and provide a framework for the development of real-time monitoring in ecology. Real-time monitoring metrics can be processed on private virtual machines and hosted on publicly available cloud services. Conservation now needs an online, real-time observatory that can evolve with the structure of the web.     

房地产市场促进城镇化建设的作用机理与协调发展研究

新型城镇化建设是中共十八大提出的重要发展目标,其建设水平直接关乎我国经济发展方式转变路径,房地产市场作为国民经济运行的重要组成部分,其市场化程度对于城镇化建设至关重要,因此,如何实现房地产市场与城镇化建设的同步和协调发展是当前中国经济社会发展亟需解决的现实问题。本文基于理论模型和经验分析,从系统分析入手,通过综合指标建立"房地产市场—城镇化建设水平"系统(系统Ⅰ:房地产市场;系统Ⅱ:城镇化建设水平),运用熵值法进行评价指标权值的求取,进而运用耦合协调度模型,重点分析不同等级城市两个系统的运行成效、耦合阶段和协调趋势,以期强化政策制定的针对性和现实性。研究表明:1房地产销售价格、预期与信贷和人口流动是房地产市场作用于城镇化建设的主要渠道;2系统Ⅰ—房地产市场,序参量的空间规律表现为:三线城市二线城市一线城市;系统Ⅱ—城镇化建设水平,序参量的空间规律表现为:一线城市二线城市三线城市;3我国现阶段房地产市场和城镇化建设水平的耦合度还处于较低水平,且地区差异较大,耦合程度从大到小依次表现为:二线城市三线城市一线城市;从协调度来看,整体表现为中度协调,但应注意北京市已表现为低度协调状态。最后本文提出了相应的政策建议:首先要限制一线城市"以速度为纲"的城镇化发展思路;二是依靠房价、信贷和户籍等政策约束引导新型城镇化建设,有效控制一线城市的体量;三是放宽中小城市和城镇户籍限制,鼓励符合条件的农业转移人口逐步在城镇落户,注重提升三线城市的城镇化发展质量。     

沉淀时间及生物膜对实际生活污水形成好氧硝化颗粒污泥的影响

利用3个间歇式活性污泥反应器（sequencing batch reactor,SBR,命名为R1、R2、R3）和1个间歇气提式内循环反应器（sequencing batch airlift reactor,SBAR,命名为R4）,处理低碳氮比实际生活污水,系统考察改变沉淀时间的方式及器壁生物膜对快速启动硝化好氧颗粒污泥（aerobic granular sludge,AGS）反应器的影响.结果表明,R1、R2、R4的沉淀时间骤降为2、4、2 min,由于一次性施加的沉速选择压过强,造成污泥大量流失,反应器崩溃,而后反应器器壁不断长出生物膜,混合液和出水中出现大量絮状、棒状、颗粒状污泥,经过35～40 d的培养,出水NH⁺₄-N小于1 mg/L,这主要是器壁生物膜的作用.反应器中的松软颗粒状污泥并非AGS,但它和AGS周围都有大量的轮虫等原生动物和后生动物,这表明生物膜和AGS同源.根据污泥沉淀的实际情况,逐步降低R3反应器的沉淀时间为8、6、5、4 min,当沉速达到10 cm/min时,污泥开始颗粒化;沉速达到12 cm/min时,污泥颗粒化基本完成,共经历了33 d.AGS与絮状污泥长期共存,以0.3 mm为界,两者质量比约为2∶1,AGS平均粒径在0.5　mm左右, NH⁺₄-N降解速率是污泥未颗粒化之前的5倍.     

Rapid determination of phenolic compounds in water samples by alternating-current oscillopolarographic titration

A rapid, simple and sensitive method was demonstrated for the determination of phenolic compounds in water samples by alternating-current oscillopolarographic titration. With the presence of sulfuric acid, phenol could be transferred into a nitroso-compound by reacting with NaNO2. The titration end-point was obtained by the formation of a sharp cut in the oscillopolarographic with infinitesimal NaNO2 on double platinum electrodes. The results showed that phenol concentration had an excellent linear relationship over the range of 4.82×10-6-9.65×10-3 mol/L, the RSD of the proposed method was lower than 1.5%, and the spiked recoveries of three real water samples were in the range of 95.6%-106.9%.     

氧化沟在汽车工业小区污水处理上的应用

根据汽车城工业污水水质特点,采用水解酸化氧化沟处理工艺,出水水质确保达到二级排放标准,设计上尽量按一级排放标准考虑。该文主要阐述氧化沟工艺的特点以及污水厂设计参数选择和一些体会。     

房地产类项目环评中新问题探讨

在分析了环境影响评价作用及房地产类项目的类型、特点的基础上,提出在编写房地产类项目环评报告中除按国家环境影响评价导则要求进行外,还需要重点分析评价项目周边环境对项目产生的潜在影响、评价工作中规划协调性的分析及房地产环评中生态环境影响评价的分析思路.     

城市居住小区交通噪声总体评价与防治对策研究

根据实测所得交通流量和车型分布。采用预测为主、实测为辅的方法对典型居住小区进行了交通噪声预测。应用噪声冲击指数法对小区交通噪声进行总体评价。在分析小区交通噪声的时间分布特征和空间差异的基础上。提出小区噪声环境的防治对策。并对减噪措施的效率进行了计算和评价。     

黄姜产业可持续发展对策研究

黄姜产业主要集中在南水北调中线工程水源地-汉江流域中上游沿岸秦巴山区城镇,近几年发展迅速,但相应清洁生产、废水治理技术滞后生产,导致局部地域的环境污染、生态破坏和资源浪费,影响到丹江水库水质安全和黄姜产业的可持续发展。针对黄姜产业发展现状,分析黄姜产业可持续发展面临的压力和挑战,提出该产业可持续发展的战略措施。