In vitro agonistic and antagonistic endocrine disrupting effects of organic extracts from waste water of different treatment processes

Effluents from wastewater treatment plant （WWTP） have been reported to have a broad spectrum of endocrine disrupting compounds （EDCs）. The majority of studies have focused on the occurrence of estrogenic activity, while ignoring nuclear hormone receptors （NRs） pathways. In the present study, a battery of in vitro yeast bioassays and a cell bioassay, including antagonistic and agonistic effects on estrogen receptor （ER）, androgen receptor （AR）, progesterone receptor （PR）, estrogen- related receptor （ERR） and aryl hydrocarbon receptor （AHR）, were conducted to evaluate the removal efficien- cies of EDCs by different treatment processes of a WWTP located in Beijing. Estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, anti- androgenic, anti-progesteronic, anti-ERR and the activa- tion of AHR activities were detected in samples from all treatment processes and the receiving water. The concen- tration of estrogenic contaminants with estradiol （E2） equivalent concentrations ranged from 0.82 x 10-9 to 3.54 x 10 9g Ee_EQ.L-1. The concentration of anti-estrogenic contaminants with 4-hydroxytamoxifen （4-OHT） equiva- lent concentrations ranged from 1.24 × 10-6 to 2.36 x 10-6 g 4-OHT-EQ.L-1. The concentration of anti-androgenic contaminants ranged from 2.21 x 10-s to 3.52 × 10-6g flutamide-EQ. L-1. The concentration of anti-progesteronic contaminants ranged from 3.15 x 10^-5 to 2.71 x 10^-4g RU486-EQ. L-1. The concentration of anti-ERR contami- nants ranged from 7.09 x 10-5 to 6.50 x 104 g 4-OHT-EQ × L^-10. The concentration of AHR activators ranged from 1.7 × 10-10 to 3.4 × 10^-10g TCDD-EQ-L-1. These processes including secondary clarifier, coagulation, as well as coal and sand filtration could eliminated 67.2% of estrogenic contaminants, 47.0% of anti-estrogenic contaminants, 98.3% of anti-androgenic contaminants, 88.4% of anti- progesteronic contaminants, 65.4% of anti-ERR contami- nants and 46.9% of AHR activators. WWTP effluents contain multiple receptor disruptors may have very complex adverse effects on exposed organisms.     

松花江吉林段土壤有机组分的雄激素干扰效应

利用重组AR(雄激素受体)基因酵母,结合土壤样品索氏提取、富集和净化方法,开展松花江流域吉林段土壤有机组分雄激素干扰效应及其分布特征研究. 结果表明:所有样品均未检测出显著的AR诱导活性;部分样品检测出AR抑制活性,检出率为62.50%,最大抑制率为61.74%;采用RIC20(抑制率为20.00%时,96孔板每孔所需要的土壤当量,单位为mg/well)表征样品的抑制活性,RIC20在1.01~9.03 mg/well之间, 表明松花江吉林段土壤中存在AR抑制活性物质,可能具有潜在的环境危害. 研究区土壤雄激素干扰效应的分布特征表明,干扰效应分布与产业布局呈一定的相关性;工业区的AR抑制活性明显高于农田区,表明化工原料及产品的生产和使用及工业废水的排放可能是该地区土壤中AR抑制活性的重要来源.      

黄颡鱼黑色素细胞原代培养及迁移相关基因克隆分析

黑素皮质素受体-1(MC1R)在鱼体中对黑色素细胞的分化及迁移起主要的调控作用,而且在神经系统和免疫系统中均表现出重要的生理功能。本研究对黄颡鱼表皮黑色素细胞的培养条件进行探索,并在此基础上对MC1R基因进行克隆,为后续研究黄颡鱼黑色素异常的细胞及分子机理研究提供基础。结果表明,黄颡鱼表皮黑色素细胞在27℃培养条件下,72 h开始贴壁生长,培养基中添加20%小牛血清培养效果比添加10%小牛血清好。此外,我们对黄颡鱼MC1R基因进行克隆。MC1R基因克隆方面,黄颡鱼MC1R基因全长为936 bp,编码312个氨基酸,与剑尾鱼(Xiphophorus maculates)、孔雀鱼(Poecilia reticulata)、条斑星鲽(Verasper moseri)、海鲈(Dicentrarchus labrax)、大菱鲆(Psetta maxima)等5种鱼类MC1R基因的同源性分别为97%、96%、90%、90%、90%,系统分析结果显示,黄颡鱼MC1R基因在进化树上的位置与黄颡鱼的分类所处位置基本吻合。黄颡鱼表皮黑色素细胞原代培养的条件为:27℃,添加20%小牛血清,所克隆基因为黄颡鱼MC1R基因。本研究为后续研究黄颡鱼黑色素异常的细胞及分子机理研究提供基础。     

环境内分泌干扰化合物干扰胰岛素分泌潜在作用机理

不断升高的糖尿病发病率在全球范围内引起广泛关注,流行病学调查显示糖尿病发病率的增加与环境内分泌干扰化合物使用量增大之间存在显著相关,环境内分泌干扰化合物可能增加糖尿病发病风险,是影响糖尿病的危险因素。在此背景下,综述了环境内分泌干扰化合物暴露与糖尿病发病之间的流行病学关系;环境内分泌干扰化合物暴露对胰岛β细胞胰岛素分泌的调节、高胰岛素效应及其潜在的作用机理,表明影响胰岛素分泌是环境内分泌干扰化合物调节代谢,诱发糖尿病的重要作用机制。     

安全科学原理及其结构体系研究

从安全科学学的高度和大安全的视角,论述5类安全现象、安全规律和安全科学及其对应关系。提出了由安全生命科学原理、安全自然科学原理、安全技术科学原理、安全社会科学原理和安全系统科学原理5大一级安全科学原理和25条二级安全科学原理组成的安全科学原理体系。分别构建了安全科学原理的"人形"结构和"轮形"结构。阐述各级安全科学原理在"人形"结构和"轮形"结构中的地位、联系、协同、促进与发展作用。研究结果得出了大安全背景下的一个安全科学原理新体系。     

Ethyl mercury induces Ca2+ uptake through the P2×7 receptor in a mouse cerebellar microglia cell line

Many observations are reported that organic mercury compounds are involved in increasing intracellular Ca²⁺ levels. However, the issue of which substances on the cell membrane participate in the Ca²⁺ uptake that is induced by ethyl mercury is unclear. The findings of this study suggest that the P2X receptor participates in this process. The uptake of Ca²⁺ by C8-B4 cells was induced in the presence of ethyl mercury. Ca channels in the cell membrane were not affected in this process. In contrast, pretreatment with suramin, an antagonist of the P2X receptor, inhibited the Ca²⁺ uptake induced by ethyl mercury, and also brilliant blue G, a nonselective antagonist of P2×4, P2×5, and P2×7 receptors. In addition, A438079 and A740003, selective antagonists of P2×7 receptor, reduced Ca²⁺ uptake, while 5-BDBD, a selective antagonist of P2×4 receptor, did not. Furthermore, the mRNAs of both the P2×4 and P2×7 receptors were expressed in the presence of ethyl mercury, but the P2×5 receptor mRNA was not. These findings suggest that ethyl mercury may induce Ca²⁺ uptake through the P2×7 receptor of the cell membrane.     

Ecological network and emergy analysis of urban metabolic systems: Model development,and a case study of four Chinese cities

Analysis of the structure and function of urban metabolic systems is an important goal of urban research. We used network pathways and network utility analysis to analyze the basic network structure of the urban metabolic system and the complex ecological relationships within the system, providing a new way to perform such research. Using four Chinese cities as examples, we developed an ecological network model of the urban metabolic system. By using network pathway analysis, we studied the changing relationships between metabolic length and the number of metabolic pathways, and between metabolic length and reachability. Based on the distribution of the number of metabolic pathways, we describe the basic structure and intercompartment relationships of the system. By using the sign distribution in the network utility matrix, we determined the ecological relationships and degree of mutualism between the compartments of the system. The basic components of the system consisted of the internal environment, the external environment, and the agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors. With increasing metabolic length, the ecological relationships among the components of the system became more diverse, and the numbers of metabolic paths and their reachability improved. Although the basic network structure of the four cities was identical, the mutualism index differed. Beijing's mutualism index was superior to that of Shanghai, and much higher than those of Tianjin and Chongqing. By analyzing the structure and function of the urban metabolic system, we provide suggestions for optimizing the structure and adjusting the relationships, and propose methods for the application of ecological network analysis in future urban system research.     

构建有机化合物斑马鱼雌激素干扰效应的二元分类模型

计算毒理学方法已成为辅助内分泌干扰物(EDCs)管理的决策支持工具。因此,发展内分泌干扰效应指标的(定量)结构活性关系((Q) SAR)等预测模型对于实现EDCs环境管理具有重要的意义。在雌激素受体(Q) SAR模型研究方面,目前主要针对人、牛、大鼠和小鼠等物种的雌激素受体干扰效应进行了研究,而对鱼等水生生物雌激素受体干扰效应等指标的(Q)SAR模型研究还较少。本研究采用基于欧几里德距离的K最近邻(k NN)分类算法,构建了斑马鱼雌激素受体干扰效应的二元分类模型。结果表明,2个最优模型训练集和验证集的预测准确度(Q)、敏感性(Sn)和特异性(Sp)参数均大于0.93,说明模型具有较好的预测能力。因此,能够用所建模型填补模型应用域内其他化合物缺失的斑马鱼雌激素受体干扰效应定性数据。     

北京市大气细颗粒物PM2.5的来源研究

2000-2001年在北京联合大学化学学院、中国预防科学研究院和中国环境科学研究院3个采样点采集北京市PM2.5样品,并对其中无机元素、阴阳离子、有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)和有机物进行测定.以多环芳烃和部分无机组分为示踪物,利用CMB受体模型对PM2.5来源进行解析.结果表明,北京市PM2.5的主要来源为燃煤、扬尘、机动车排放、建筑尘、生物质燃烧、二次硫酸盐和硝酸盐及有机物.污染源贡献率随地域变化不大,燃煤、扬尘、生物质燃烧、二次硫酸盐和硝酸盐随季节变化比较明显.与1989-1990年解析结果相比,10年间PM2.5来源发生了一定变化.