Supporting multi-stakeholder environmental decisions

This paper examines how multiple criteria analysis (MCA) can be used to support multi-stakeholder environmental management decisions. It presents a study through which 48 stakeholders from environmental, primary production and community interest groups used MCA to prioritise 30 environmental management problems in the Mackay-Whitsunday region of Queensland, Australia. The MCA model, with procedures for aggregating multi-stakeholder output, was used to inform a final decision on the priority of the region's environmental management problems. The result was used in the region's environmental management plan as required under Australia's Natural Heritage Trust programme. The study shows how relatively simple MCA methods can help stakeholders make group decisions, even when they hold strongly conflicting preferences.     

Systematic regional planning for multiple objective natural resource management

On-ground natural resource management actions such as revegetation and remnant vegetation management can simultaneously affect multiple objectives including land, water and biodiversity resources. Hence, planning for the sustainable management of natural resources requires consideration of these multiple objectives. However, planning the location of management actions in the landscape often treats these objectives individually to reduce the process and spatial complexity inherent in human-modified and natural landscapes. This can be inefficient and potentially counterproductive given the linkages and trade-offs involved. We develop and apply a systematic regional planning approach to identify geographic priorities for on-ground natural resource management actions that most cost-effectively meet multiple natural resource management objectives. Our systematic regional planning approach utilises integer programming within a structured multi-criteria decision analysis framework. Intelligent siting can capitalise on the multiple benefits of on-ground actions and achieve natural resource management objectives more efficiently. The focus of this study is the human-modified landscape of the River Murray, South Australia. However, the methodology and analyses presented here can be adapted to other regions requiring more efficient and integrated planning for the management of natural resources.     

危险废物管理区域决策支持系统的研究与开发

在系统分析危险废物管理系统和环境信息系统发展现状与趋势的基础上,讨论了中国危险废物管理区域决策支持系统的设计原则并进行了系统分析与设计。研究采用将系统分化为子系统的设计方法,可以更方便的增加信息,增加功能,保证系统的可持续发展性。该区域决策支持系统的设计方法和结构框架对其他环境信息系统开发与设计具有借鉴意义。     

从南京地震遥测台网扩建工程建设看南京台网的地方特色

南京地震遥测台网的扩建改造工程具有鲜明的江苏地方特色。整个工程根据江苏特有的地理条件和江苏经济通信发达的状况 ,在时间短、投资少的情况下 ,集同期我国地震系统模拟传输的各种先进方式 ,有效地实现了大跨度地震信号的遥测。     

The limits to risk aversion: Part 2: The permission point and worked examples

Part 2 extends the analysis to show that it is possible to find the “permission point”, the value of (the coefficient of relative) risk-aversion, at which decisions to sanction environmental protection are most likely to be made. The mathematical model describes the process by which the decision maker varies his risk-aversion over a range of feasible values to find the risk-aversion that will give him the greatest desire to invest in the protection system under consideration. If he can find such a risk-aversion before losing discrimination (because the system is too expensive, given its performance), he will adopt it as his “permission point” and decide in favour of the expenditure. The permission point is, of course, bounded above by the point of indiscriminate decision. A maximum Risk Multiplier calculated at the point of indiscriminate decision may be applied to the protection expenditure at monetary break-even to give the maximum, rational outlay on protection. Moreover, it is possible to model how the average UK adult should take decisions on protection to maximise his utility. Different situations will call for different values of risk-aversion, which may explain why economists have come up with differing estimates of this parameter in the past. However, a central, average risk-aversion may be calculated for the average UK adult as 0.85, which is within 4% of the value, 0.82, found from the newly reported method based on a trade-off between income and future free time, and is consistent with several recent economic estimates. Worked examples assess how much an organisation should spend on a protection scheme to prevent accidents with very large environmental consequences.     

基于GIS的城市抗震防灾规划信息管理系统

探讨GIS在城市抗震防灾规划中的应用模式和关键技术,设计了城市抗震防灾规划信息管理系统的基本框架,并结合郑州新区抗震防灾规划工作,介绍了城市抗震防灾规划综合数据库、震害预测分析模型以及GIS辅助决策系统的研究与实现,为规划编制和实施提供重要的数据支撑和决策依据。     

碳捕集与封存技术适用风险预防原则的理论建构与路径完善

以碳捕集与封存为典型的新兴技术在应对气候变化上的降碳功能显著,但该技术颇具不确定性。“决策于未知”成为政府规制技术风险的真实写照,如何在鼓励碳捕集与封存技术发展,助力“双碳”目标实现的同时,应对随之而来的风险挑战与安全诉求,既是国家必须肩负的义务,也是回应公众期待的内在要求。应运而生的风险预防原则作为应对气候变化的重要举措,为技术风险规制提供了合法性与正当性基础,对于碳捕获、封存技术发展与碳中和目标实现具有重要现实意义。为此,风险预防原则在技术规制中,应当整体遵循弱风险预防理念,彰显秩序、正义和效率的多元价值诉求,实现科学理性与社会理性的平衡。在此基础上,通过多手段的综合应用,开放的风险决策结构,强化风险管理的动态调试,以预防性环境行政公益诉讼为保障,将风险预防原则融汇于碳捕集与封存技术风险规制中。     

储罐底板维修决策方法研究

储罐底板腐蚀是储罐失效的主要原因之一,对底板的腐蚀检测方法目前有很多种。每种方法都有自己的优势,但同时也存在着相应的弊端。通过在实践应用中对比漏磁检测与超声测厚检测方法,分别指出两种检测方法的优势与实践应用中存在的问题,提出应综合应用两种方法来提高效率和确保准确性。为更好地利用检测技术保障储罐安全提出参考建议。     

Knowledge creation and reliable decision-making in complex emergencies

This paper examines how the creation of knowledge and the location of decision-making authority within relief organisations influence coordination. Information was collected from the headquarters of international non-governmental organisations in 2003, as well as from Darfur and Khartoum, Sudan, in 2005 and 2007, respectively. Relief organisations rely on quality information dissemination between the field and headquarters. Yet, reporting from the field often is overloaded with misplaced precision, making it difficult for managers at headquarters to grasp the key issues. A high turnover rate among international field officers and a lack of inclusion of local staff and partners prevent the development of accumulated knowledge. Furthermore, most relief organisations have a centralised decision-making system. The creation of 'collective-meaning structures', based on reliable information on all decision-making levels, opens the way to the decentralisation of decision-making to field officers engaged with inter-organisational coordination structures. In sum, more efficient and reliable coordination between organisations relies on improved decision-making systems within each organisation.     

游客对西安市“农家乐”旅游决策影响因素的因子分析——以西安市长安区“农家乐”为例

了解＂农家乐＂旅游者出游的影响因素对＂农家乐＂旅游的健康蓬勃发展具有重大影响。以西安市长安区＂农家乐＂为例实证研究发现,农家生活氛围、农家娱购条件、可进入性和农村特色是＂农家乐＂旅游者旅游决策的重要影响因素。通过创造宁静和谐的农家生活氛围、举行富有参与性的农家娱购活动、完善旅游基础配套设施和提供具有农村突出特色的农家美食来提高＂农家乐＂旅游的吸引力,研究结果对今后＂农家乐＂旅游市场发展具有科学指导意义。