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51.
Magne Friberg Namphung Vongvanich Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson Darrell J Kemp Sami Merilaita Christer Wiklund 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(6):873-886
Animal courtship rituals are important for species recognition, and a variety of cues might be utilized to recognize conspecific
mates. In this paper, we investigate different species-recognition mechanisms between two sympatric butterfly sister species:
the wood white (Leptidea sinapis) and Real’s wood white (Leptidea reali). We show that males of both species frequently court heterospecific females both under laboratory and field conditions.
The long-lasting elaborate courtships impose energetic costs, since the second courtship of males that were introduced to
two subsequent conspecific females lasted on average only one fourth as long as the first courtship. In this paper, we demonstrate
that premating reproductive isolation is dependent on female unwillingness to accept heterospecific mates. We studied female
and male courtship behavior, chemical signaling, and the morphology of the sexually dimorphic antennae, one of the few male
traits visible for females during courtship. We found no differences in ultraviolet (UV) reflectance and only small differences
in longer wavelengths and brightness, significant between-species differences, but strongly overlapping distributions of male
L. sinapis and L. reali antennal morphology and chemical signals and minor differences in courtship behavior. The lack of clear-cut between-species
differences further explains the lack of male species recognition, and the overall similarity might have caused the long-lasting
elaborate courtships, if females need prolonged male courtships to distinguish between con- and heterospecific suitors. 相似文献
52.
Daniel T. Blumstein Louise Cooley Jamie Winternitz Janice C. Daniel 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(3):457-468
We conducted four experiments to determine whether yellow-bellied marmots, Marmota flaviventris, discriminate among predator vocalizations, and if so, whether the recognition mechanism is learned or experience-independent.
First, we broadcast to marmots the social sounds of coyotes, Canis latrans, wolves, Canis lupus, and golden eagles, Aquila chrysaetos, as well as conspecific alarm calls. Coyotes and eagles are extant predators at our study site, while wolves have been absent
since the mid-1930s. In three follow-up experiments, we reversed the eagle call and presented marmots with forward and reverse
calls to control for response to general properties of call structure rather than those specifically associated with eagles,
we tested for novelty by comparing responses to familiar and unfamiliar birds, and we tested for the duration of predator
sounds by comparing a wolf howl (that was much longer than the coyote in the first experiment) with a long coyote howl of
equal duration to the original wolf. Marmots suppressed foraging and increased looking most after presentation of the conspecific
alarm call and least after that of the coyote in the first experiment, with moderate responses to wolf and eagle calls. Marmots
responded more to the forward eagle call than the reverse call, a finding consistent with a recognition template. Marmots
did not differentiate vocalizations from the novel and familiar birds, suggesting that novelty itself did not explain our
results. Furthermore, marmots did not differentiate between a wolf howl and a coyote howl of equal duration, suggesting that
the duration of the vocalizations played a role in the marmots’ response. Our results show that marmots may respond to predators
based solely on acoustic stimuli. The response to currently novel wolf calls suggests that they have an experience-independent
ability to identify certain predators acoustically. Marmots’ response to predator vocalizations is not unexpected because
25 of 30 species in which acoustic predator discrimination has been studied have a demonstrated ability to respond selectively
to cues from their predators. 相似文献
53.
Joseph J. Nocera Philip D. Taylor Laurene M. Ratcliffe 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(11):1769-1777
Migrating animals face numerous mortality risks, such as novel predators with which they may not be accustomed. Most animals
can recognize predators innately; however, additional predator information can be collected to enhance familiarity. Because
migrating birds rarely participate in mobs, they may seek alternative information sources such as cues provided by other birds
that can provide information on predator location, identity, and degree of threat. We predicted that Nearctic–Neotropical
migrants (hereafter, “migrants”) would react to vocal antipredator cues (e.g., mob-calls) of species residing in areas through
which they migrate. To test this, we conducted experiments in Belize during spring migration, using playbacks of mob-calls
of black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and blue-gray tanagers (Thraupis episcopus); tanagers are familiar to all birds in Belize; chickadees are novel to residents but familiar to migrants. This also allowed
us to assess response to novel and out-of-context antipredator signals. Resident birds did not respond to novel chickadee
mob-calls, but did respond to familiar tanager calls. Birds overwintering south of our study area, which were migrating during
our study, responded most strongly to chickadee playbacks. Conversely, individuals of species that include our study area
in their winter range did not respond to either playback. This is the first evidence that birds react to vocal antipredator
cues during migration, which may be a strategy used by migrants to learn about predators. Although residents failed to recognize
a foreign cue, migrating birds responded most strongly to the out-of-context chickadee cue, associated with breeding grounds
>2,000 km northward.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
54.
Margaret J. Couvillon Francis L.W. Ratnieks 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(7):1099-1105
In group-level recognition, discriminators use sensory information to distinguish group members and non-members. For example,
entrance guards in eusocial insect colonies discriminate nestmates from intruders by comparing their odour with a template
of the colony odour. Despite being a species-rich group of eusocial bees closely related to the honey bees, stingless bee
nestmate recognition is a relatively little-studied area. We studied Frieseomelitta varia, a common Brazilian species of stingless bee known as marmelada. By measuring the rejection rates of nestmate and non-nestmate
worker bees by guards, we were able to show that guards became significantly less accepting (from 91 to 46%) of nestmates
that had acquired odour cues from non-nestmate workers; however, guards did not become significantly more accepting (from
31 to 42%) of non-nestmates that had acquired equivalent amounts of odour cues from the guard’s nestmates. These data strongly
suggest that guards use an “undesirable–absent” system in recognition, whereby incoming conspecific workers are only accepted
if undesirable cues are absent, despite the presence of desirable cues. We suggest that an undesirable–absent system is adaptive
because robbing by conspecifics may be an important selective factor in F. varia, which would lead to selection for a non-permissive acceptance strategy by guards. 相似文献
55.
Discrimination of different social companions in spectacled parrotlets (Forpus conspicillatus): evidence for individual vocal recognition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ralf Wanker Jasmin Apcin Bert Jennerjahn Birte Waibel 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1998,43(3):197-202
Individual recognition is generally assumed to be a prerequisite for establishing and maintaining a complex social system.
Indeed, there is good evidence that highly social species have complex systems of vocal communication with individual recognition
by acoustic cues. In this study, we provide experimental evidence that vocal class and individual recognition is present in
a non-passerine bird, the spectacled parrotlet (Forpus conspicillatus). Spectacled parrotlets live in a complex system of social relationships. Soon after fledging, the young establish close
sibling relationships which are important for successful socialization, pairing and reproduction. In a series of playback
experiments we tested if spectacled parrotlets use contact calls for vocal recognition. The results showed that spectacled
parrotlets discriminate between the contact calls of different social categories. Adult birds preferred to respond to the
contact calls of their mates. Subadult individuals recognized the contact calls of their siblings. During the period of pair
bond formation, the affiliative contacts to the siblings decrease, but the parrotlets continue to respond to the calls of
their siblings. This is the first evidence that vocal sibling recognition might outlast the period of strong sibling interaction
and extends into the period of pair bond formation. In cases of mate loss or divorce, the acoustic contact to their siblings
might facilitate the re-establishment of close sibling relationships.
Received: 29 October 1997 / Accepted after revision: 5 April 1998 相似文献
56.
陈明杰 《安全.健康和环境》2022,22(1):49-52
概述了石化行业现场直接作业环节的安全管控现状,分析了现场管控过程中存在的问题。考虑现场安全管理和监督监控的实际需要,设计了石化行业直接作业现场智能化管控系统,并深入研究作业现场违章行为图像识别的关键技术。现场应用表明,系统充分体现了日常管理、实时监控、智能报警、统计分析等方面的便利性和有效性,各类违章行为图像识别准确率达到80%以上,具有一定的推广价值。 相似文献
57.
58.
本文提出应用隶属函数的条件概率法综合判别雹云。该方法把雹云和非雹云视作参数的模糊集合,因而在综合判别式中,每个参数对雹云和非雹云都有一个隶属度。利用成都市1982~1987年天气雷达回波历史资料,分别建立了全年、4~6月和7~8月的雹云等强对流天气的综合判别式,并用建立的模式对成都市1990年4~6月的7个强对流天气个例作试报检验。结果表明用该方法建立不同地区和不同季节的雹云等强对流天气综合判别式是可行的。 相似文献
59.
为防止煤矿工人吸入过量粉尘而导致职业性尘肺病,基于Keras框架利用YOLOv4 (you only look once)目标检测算法对井下人员佩戴防尘口罩情况进行高精度且快速的检测与识别,并与MTCNN(Multi-task convolutional neural network)和FaceNet构成的人脸识别算法相结合,进行煤矿工人口罩佩戴监测的研究。结果表明:模型对井下人员口罩佩戴有较高的检测精度,识别已佩戴口罩的矿井下作业人员的平均精度达到92.78%,识别未佩戴防尘口罩检测的平均精度为91.63%,与其他主流算法相比算法具有更好的鲁棒性和检测效果。研究结果为预防煤矿工人职业性尘肺病提供1种有效的技术手段。 相似文献
60.
湘中锡矿山锑矿田是世界闻名的超大型锑矿田。本文系统地叙述了该矿田该中各矿床蚀变硅化岩及其原岩的稀土元素地球化学特征 ,并在此基础上探讨了稀土元素所反映的地质意义。研究表明 ,尽管硅化岩的稀土元素地球化学特征与原岩相比有所改变 ,但仍可根据硅化岩的稀土元素地球化学特征来恢复原岩 ;根据硅化灰岩的稀土元素地球化学特征可以推测硅质岩的物质来源于地壳上部 ,结合本区硅化岩的硅同位素组成特点 ,可以推测硅质交代中的硅来源于周围地层 ;硅化岩的稀土元素变化特征证明了岩性为石灰岩的层位易于发生硅化 ,从而有利于矿化层的形成。 相似文献