成都春季生物质燃烧和沙尘期间气溶胶散射特征及其重建

于2009年4月19日～5月17日在成都城区每天采集PM2.5样品.利用热光碳分析仪、离子色谱、X荧光光谱仪和高效阴离子交换色谱分别分析样品中有机碳/元素碳、水溶性离子、地壳元素和左旋葡聚糖,同步测量了大气散射系数(bsp)和气象数据.利用IMPROVE方程重建大气散射系数,并与实测大气散射系数进行对比.结果发现,PM2.5浓度均值为133.2μg.m-3,大气散射系数为530 Mm-1.左旋葡聚糖和地壳元素能很好地反映生物质燃烧和沙尘事件.观测期间成都城区计算值b’sp为504 Mm-1,(NH4)2SO4、NH4NO3、OM(organic matter)、FS(fine soil)和CM(coarse mass)贡献率分别为26%、15%、53%、4%和2%.DS(dust storm)期间,计算值b’sp为575 Mm-1,FS和CM贡献率达到17%和21%.BB(biomass burning)期间,计算值b’sp为635 Mm-1,OM贡献率达到62%.     

基于HJ1A-CCD数据的高光谱影像重构研究

遥感影像高光谱重构可以从较少的光谱波段还原出丰富的高光谱信息,为水环境遥感提供更加适用的数据源,对内陆水体水色遥感具有重要意义.利用2009年6月13日获取的HJ1A-HSI和HJ1A-CCD数据,构建HJ1A-CCD数据的高光谱重构模型,重构结果表明:①与地面实测数据相比,重构数据和HJ1A-HSI数据在660～900 nm波长范围内的平均相对误差分别为0.305 1和0.337 7;②重构影像信息熵和平均梯度都高于HJ1A-HSI影像.此外,分别利用HJ1A-HSI数据和重构数据建立叶绿素a浓度的三波段反演模型,发现重构数据能得到更高的反演精度.     

IFAS工艺强化处理石化废水效果的研究

采用IFAS工艺对某石化污水处理厂原有的A/O工艺进行强化处理,达到提标改造目的的同时研究不同运行条件对COD、氨氮和总氮处理效率的影响.结果表明:IFAS-A/O反应器A池最佳载体投配比为10％,O池为15％;最适好氧池DO、回流比和HRT分别为1～2.5 mg/L、150％～200％和12 h～18 h.在反应器连续运行30天及HRT减少17％的情况下,与同步运行污水处理厂处理效果相比较,出水COD基本相同,氨氮有一定降低,TN显著降低,满足了《辽宁省综合污水排放标准》(DB 21/1627-2008)中直接排放的水污染物最高允许排放浓度要求.     

松花江哈尔滨段藻类植物分布及其与环境因子的关系

松花江哈尔滨段流域是哈尔滨市重要的水源地,也是松花江重要的组成部分,其生态环境问题一直受到国内外学者密切关注,且近年来松花江哈尔滨段水体改善程度较为明显,流域内水体变化程度越来越受到相关学者和民众的重视,研究松花江哈尔滨段水体变化趋势意义明显。该研究的创新性在于运用典范对应分析(CCA)探究藻类植物与环境因子变化的关系,并运用欧洲硅藻数据库(EDDI)验证主要环境因子的准确性。国内现行的一些常规理化指标单独评价水体质量较为单一,不能更好地满足现行的水环境管理要求,并且对于水环境的变化反应效果及准确度较低。该研究运用相关理化指标数据和藻类植物的种类及丰度等的年际变化,实现从单一理化指标评价改善为理化和生物指标双重评价,从而更加具体地反映出松花江哈尔滨段水体状况的变化趋势。     

Reconstruction under siege: the Gaza Strip since 2007

This paper examines the siege of the Gaza Strip, a self-governing Palestinian territory, since 2007. Research on sieges tends to concentrate on the coping strategies of besieged communities, humanitarian issues associated with the impacts, humanitarian access, and the prioritisation of needs, with little or no attention paid to reconstruction. However, Gaza is unusual as a siege environment within which reconstruction has become a high priority in the aftermath of its three destructive wars with Israel. Following an overview of research on sieges in contemporary warfare and a brief contextualisation of Gaza, this paper examines why reconstruction outcomes have varied over time through the application of a theoretical framework that stipulates the importance of four key factors: time; needs; scarcity; and political context. Based on an analysis of these variables, Gaza was found to be a most-likely case for reconstruction under siege. Nonetheless, the large-scale reconstruction necessary to transform Gaza has not been actualised.     

Government to Citizens (G2C) communication and use of social media in the post-disaster reconstruction phase

Post-disaster reconstruction (PDR) poses specific and complex challenges that government agencies have to deal with. Existing crisis management and communication models as well as literature on social media adoption by public organisations tend to focus on the critical stage, neglecting the issues that arise when the social, physical and cultural environments affected by a disaster have to be rebuilt. Conversely, this paper presents some preliminary findings on the Government to Citizen (G2C) communications and social media usage in PDR settings. The PDR process that followed the earthquakes in Emilia-Romagna (Northern Italy) in 2012 was used as a case study. Data derived from field notes and multiple-choice questionnaires revealed that government agencies provided information mainly about housing and infrastructure and financing and that they addressed this information to all citizens, although information was sometimes targeted specifically to business people, homeowners and members of community-based groups. Government officers gave preference to face-to-face contacts, Web portals and printed material. Social media were used predominantly as additional means of communication of PDR-related information, thus underrating their potential for community engagement and G2C bidirectional communication. In the discussions, findings are integrated into and validated against literature and communication theories.     

Rehabilitation and improvement of Guilin urban water environment：Function-oriented management

Economic development and population growth have deeply damaged the urban water environment of Guilin City, China. Main problems involved structural damage and functional deterioration of the urban waters. An integrated technical scheme was developed to rehabilitate the urban water environment and to enhance the waters' functions during 1998-2008. Improvement of waters' functions included water system reconstruction, water pollution control, water safety assurance, and aquatic ecological restoration. The water system was reconstructed to connect different waters and clean water supplies to the lakes. Moreover, water pollution was controlled to improve water quality by endogenous pollutant elimination and extraneous pollutant interception. In addition, ecological measures put in place serve to enhance water system functions and better benefit both nature and humans. The project has brought about sound ecological, economic and social benefits in Guilin City, which can potentially be extended to similar cities.     

我国露天煤矿开采区生态恢复研究存在的问题探讨

露天煤矿的开采在带来巨大经济效益的同时,也产生了生态破坏和环境污染等一系列问题。矿区的生态恢复已经在社会上引起了广泛关注,成为当前研究的热点之一。本文概述了我国露天煤矿开采区的生态环境问题、生态恢复研究现状及实践,探讨性地提出了目前露天煤矿开采区生态恢复研究存在的问题及建议。     

治理现代化目标下国家空间规划体系的变迁与重构

基于治理理论,从中央—地方以及政府—市场关系维度,分别揭示了西方发达国家和我国空间规划体系在国家治理变迁影响下的演变历程与总体趋向。国土空间规划是我国面向生态文明建设的重要制度变革与治理体系重构的举措,但是面向国家治理现代化目标,未来我国国土空间规划体系再建构还必须重视三个方面的问题：（1）充分理解“国土空间”的多元价值属性,重视国土空间规划对多元目标的统筹平衡,不能把空间简单化为“自然资源”载体,谨防规划蜕化为单纯的“资源环境管控技术工具”;（2）集权与分权相结合,建立与政府事权相对应、层级差异有序的空间规划体系;（3）高度重视规划研究和非法定规划的作用,为空间规划的科学性提供有力支撑。     

基于稀疏表达的水体遥感反射率高光谱重构及其应用

高光谱重构技术可以有效地突破多光谱卫星传感器波段设置的限制,获得更多更有效的地物光谱信息.本研究基于稀疏表达方法提出了一种针对水体遥感反射率的高光谱重构算法,以太湖、杭州湾的原位水体光谱数据为数据源,在5种常用水色传感器(Sentinel-2A MSI、MERIS、MODIS Aqua、GOCI以及ⅦRS)上进行了高光谱重构实验,最后将该算法应用于GOCI数据,进行了算法适用性验证.结果表明:(1)基于稀疏表达的高光谱重构算法可以在不利用实测光谱数据的情况下实现高光谱重构,光谱重构精度高于多元回归光谱重构算法;(2)基于稀疏表达的高光谱重构算法在5种水色传感器上都取得了较好的效果,平均相对误差均在10%以下,均方根误差均在0.005 sr-1以下;(3)相比于原始GOCI多光谱数据,经稀疏表达高光谱重构后的GOCI数据在叶绿素a浓度和总悬浮物浓度估算精度上有不同程度提升.其中对叶绿素a浓度估算而言,平均相对误差从80.6%减少至51.5%,均方根误差从12.175μg·L~(-1)减少至7.125μg·L~(-1);对悬浮物浓度估算而言,平均相对误差从19.1%减少至18.8%,均方根误差从29.048 mg·L~(-1)减少至28.596 mg·L~(-1).