TRANSIENT RESPONSE FUNCTIONS FOR CONJUNCTIVE WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE SNAKE RIVER PLAIN,IDAHO1

ABSTRACT: Increasing demands on western water are causing a mounting need for the conjunctive management of surface water and ground water resources. Under western water law, the senior water rights holder has priority over the junior water rights holder in times of water shortage. Water managers have been reluctant to conjunctively manage surface water and ground water resources because of the difficulty of quantification of the impacts to surface water resources from ground water stresses. Impacts from ground water use can take years to propagate through an aquifer system. Prediction of the degree of impact to surface water resources over time and the spatial distribution of impacts is very difficult. Response functions mathematically describe the relationship between a unit ground water stress applied at a specific location and stream depletion or aquifer water level change elsewhere in the system. Response functions can be used to help quantify the spatial and temporal impacts to surface water resources caused by ground water pumping. This paper describes the theory of response functions and presents an application of transient response functions in the Snake River Plain, Idaho. Transient response functions can be used to facilitate the conjunctive management of surface and ground water not only in the eastern Snake River Plain basin, but also in similar basins throughout the western United States.     

经济欠发达山区矿泉水资源的开发利用--以梅州市为例

基于矿泉水与人体健康的关系、在社会经济发展中的作用,以及对梅州市矿泉水资源条件及其开发利用现状的调研,探讨了经济欠发达山区矿泉水资源的开发利用对策和前景.认为应统一资源管理,加强质量监督力度,打造优质品牌,提高市场竞争能力,争取与食品、旅游等部门联营,使矿泉水产品多样化、系列化;结合地方工业建设和梅州旅游市场需求,培育矿泉水消费市场.     

红外和热分析联用在化工产品研究中的应用

运用实例论述了红外光谱分析与热分析联用在化工产品的产品开发和检测方面的应用。     

Sustainable pattern analysis of a publicly owned Material Recovery Facility in a fast-growing urban setting under uncertainty

Sustainable development goals are achievable through the installation of Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) in certain solid waste management systems, especially those in rapidly expanding multi-district urban areas. MRFs are a cost-effective alternative when curbside recycling does not demonstrate long-term success. Previous capacity planning uses mixed integer programming optimization for the urban center of the city of San Antonio, Texas to establish that a publicly owned material recovery facility is preferable to a privatized facility. As a companion study, this analysis demonstrates that a MRF alleviates economic, political, and social pressures facing solid waste management under uncertainty. It explores the impact of uncertainty in decision alternatives in an urban environmental system. From this unique angle, waste generation, incidence of recyclables in the waste stream, routing distances, recycling participation, and other planning components are taken as intervals to expand upon previous deterministic integer-programming models. The information incorporated into the optimization objectives includes economic impacts for recycling income and cost components in waste management. The constraint set consists of mass balance, capacity limitation, recycling limitation, scale economy, conditionality, and relevant screening restrictions. Due to the fragmented data set, a grey integer programming modeling approach quantifies the consequences of inexact information as it propagates through the final solutions in the optimization process. The grey algorithm screens optimal shipping patterns and an ideal MRF location and capacity. Two case settings compare MRF selection policies where optimal solutions exemplify the value of grey programming in the context of integrated solid waste management.     

上海市环境空气质量监测体系规划设计

简述了上海市环境空气质量监测的历史和现状,指出了环境空气质量监测发展需求,构建了上海市空气质量监测系统规划框架;提出应构建上海市环境综合信息和公共数据平台,建设发展地基遥感探空、空基和天基遥感反演技术,建立长三角区域大气复合污染监测体系。     

浙江省生态环境可持续发展评价指标体系的建立

生态环境的可持续发展评价是生态安全与生态建设中的重要内容。本研究应用主成分分析法，收集浙江省1990～2000年的数据，对评价指标进行初步筛选．同时采用德尔斐法进行专家咨询，得到评价指标的分层排序。最后从初选的54个评价指标中，根据主成分分析法、专家咨询法的指标筛选结果，结合有关国家及地方生态环境建设规划，建立了由40个指标组成的浙江省生态环境可持续发展评价指标体系。     

河南省旱涝灾害的地域分异规律和减灾对策研究

河南省地处我国南北气候过渡地带,自古以来就以旱涝灾害频繁而著称。根据旱涝灾害的地域分异特点,可将全省分为五个区。减轻旱涝灾害的主要措施是:加强水利建设,进一步开发地下水;扩大引黄灌溉、抗旱、补源面积;走旱作农业的道路,广泛提高农田抗灾水平。     

《大气污染防治行动计划》对郑州市冬季PM2.5浓度及化学组成影响

基于《大气污染防治行动计划》实施前后,在污染严重的冬季（2013年和2018年12月同期）,采集郑州市监测站的PM_2.5样品,分析PM_2.5化学组成,通过对比分析PM_2.5中的EC、OC、水溶性离子和金属元素的浓度变化来评估PM_2.5浓度及化学组成的变化,同时选取不同阶段重污染过程,探究PM_2.5浓度及组成的变化. 结果表明：①郑州市冬季ρ（PM_2.5）平均值由2013年的（215.38 ±107.28） μg·m^-3 下降至2018年的（77.45 ±49.81） μg·m^-3,下降率高达64%. ②PM_2.5中EC、K⁺、SO₄^2-和Cl^-,分别下降了85%、80%、78%和72%;OC、NH₄⁺和NO₃^-下降幅度较小,分别为50%、41%和32%. ③与2013年冬季相比,2018年冬季OC/EC的值升高了2.6倍,二次有机碳在OC中占比升高至57%;同时,硫氧化率和氮氧化率的值分别升高了1.5倍和1.0倍,表明郑州市二次污染较为严重,二次转化程度升高. ④NO₃^-/SO₄^2-（质量比）由2013年的0.8 ±0.2升高至2018年2.5 ±1.0,表明郑州市移动源贡献上升并且超过固定源成为冬季大气污染的主要来源. ⑤不同阶段重污染过程对比结果显示,与2013年相比,2018年重污染过程中PM_2.5浓度下降显著,峰值浓度下降了61%,主要化学组成由OC、NO₃^-、SO₄^2-和NH₄⁺变为OC、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺. 研究结果表明郑州市一次排放源管控取得了显著的成效,但二次生成对PM_2.5贡献呈现升高趋势,因此未来需要关注二次生成的影响.     

BPA暴露对本体和子代胰岛β细胞转录组差异对比分析

双酚A(BPA)作为一种典型的环境内分泌干扰物,与二型糖尿病和肥胖症等代谢类疾病密切相关.在这项研究中,旨在探讨BPA直接暴露以及围产期暴露对本体和子代胰岛β细胞影响的差异,从而实现对不同易感人群的精准预防与治疗.通过对GEO数据库中GSE126297和GSE82175两个数据集进行分析,共筛选出108个共有的差异基因...     

1994年江淮伏旱及其影响研究

利用江谁地区18个站点1951～1995年6～8月降水量资料,用Z指数建立了历年夏季旱涝序列,着重对1994年江淮伏旱及其对农业、水资源的影响进行了分析评述,获得了一些有意义的结论。