土壤气相抽提法去除红壤中挥发性有机污染物的影响因素研究

土壤气相抽提技术(SVE)是一种安全、经济、高效的土壤治理技术,广泛应用于不饱和土壤中挥发性有机污染物的去除.本实验以我国南方典型土壤红壤(粘性较大的土壤)为实验土样,选用最常见的挥发性有机物苯作为污染物,采用一维土柱通风模拟SVE过程,研究了通风流量、土壤含水率以及间歇操作对苯污染红壤去污过程的影响.结果表明,在各土柱垂向气相中苯浓度变化趋势一致,通风初期浓度迅速降低后进入长时间的拖尾阶段,拖尾阶段初期进行间歇操作可降低能耗达到较经济的治理效果.通风流量与土壤含水率是影响净化时间和修复效果的重要因素,两者均存在最佳值.当通风流量为600 mL/min,含水率为17.2%时本实验净化时间降低为36 h,去除率为99.9%,达到了最佳的治理效果.     

辽东湾入海污染物调查及海域水质安全分析

对辽东湾入海污染源、污染物总量及近海海域水质调查、监测,并对其水质安全进行了分析、评估。其污染物主要来自沿海各城市排入近海的工业污水、生活污水、入海河流携带污染物,海水养殖过程中产生的废水、残留饵料、排泄物等以及沿海港口码头的作业船舶和海上航行作业的机动船等泄漏、倾废;氮、磷营养盐过度排放导致赤潮频繁发生,危及海洋生物的生存;水质有机污染严重致使海产养殖病害,生物物种减少;重金属、人工合成的难降解的有机物等有害有毒的污染物沉积近岸海底,对近海水质安全形成威胁。     

Electro-Fenton degradation of cationic red X-GRL using an activated carbon fiber cathode

We reported the study of the degradation of the azo dye cationic red X-GRL by the electro-Fenton process using an activated carbon fiber cathode. The electrogeneration of hydrogen peroxide in solution using different material cathodes fed with air was investigated, and the results revealed that the activated carbon fiber cathode was more effective compared to the graphite cathode. The decolorization and mineralization of cationic red X-GRL were also determined. The effect of the operating parameters, such as the initial Fe²⁺ concentration, temperature and initial dye concentration, was investigated. The optimum Fe²⁺ catalyst concentration values for the degradation of cationic red X-GRL was found to be 5 mM. The rate of decolorization and mineralization of dye could be accelerated by increasing the temperature. In addition, the decolorization and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency decreased with the increasing initial dye concentration, while the TOC removal increased. Two different transition metal ions (Cu²⁺ and Mn²⁺) were applied as substitutes for ferrous sulfate for evaluating catalytic effect. The results indicated that Cu²⁺ and Mn²⁺ were more effective than Fe²⁺ in catalyzing the degradation of the dye.     

安徽省红色旅游发展态势分析

在分析安徽省红色旅游发展历程和现状的基础上，探讨了安徽省红色旅游开发在资源、市场、管理以及区域基础条件等方面存在的问题，指出需要从资源整合、宣传促销、基础设施建设、引导社区参与、培育红色氛围和刺激旅游消费等方面进行完善和提高，以促进安徽省红色旅游的可持续发展。     

山东省红色旅游的开发策略研究

山东省红色旅游资源丰富，具备发展红色旅游的先决条件。阐述了山东省红色旅游资源概况，分析了该省发展红色旅游的优劣势和红色旅游客源市场的类型，在此基础上提出了红色旅游的开发策略以及在旅游开发中应注意的问题。     

Derivated fetal haemoglobin as a marker for red cell age in the human fetus reflecting stimulated or impaired red blood cell production

We have determined whether derivated fetal haemoglobin (dHbF, consisting of glycated and acetylated HbF) can be used as a cell age marker for fetal red blood cells (RBCs). Cord blood was obtained between 19 and 39 weeks of gestation from 28 alloimmunised anaemic fetuses (23 RhD+ and 5 Kell) and from 20 non-anaemic fetuses and newborns (controls). Density gradient centrifugation was applied to 36 samples (20 RhD+, 15 controls and 1 Kell) to obtain fractions of increasing cell age. Blood samples were used for measurements of mean cellular volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), pyruvate kinase activity (PK) and derivated fetal haemoglobin (dHbF) by cation-exchange HPLC. Reticulocytes were counted only in the whole blood samples. In all density gradient separated RBC fractions, the values for MCV, MCH and PK activity decreased and those of MCHC and dHbF increased with increasing density (equivalent to increasing cell age). The mean density was lower for RBCs of the anaemic RHD group (1.072±0.007 g/ml) than for the non-anaemic controls (1.077±0.005 g/ml) (p<0.05) The RBC density of the Kell sensitised fetus did not differ from those of the controls. In the control group, the values of the cell age markers in whole blood changed significantly with the gestational age, showing an increase of mean age of the erythrocyte population. The best linear relationship was found for dHbF (y=6.28+0.17*weeks; r=0.84; p<0.001). In the anaemic RhD+ fetuses, the RBC age markers did not change with gestational age; the dHbF percentages were lower, and the MCV, MCH, PK values and the reticulocyte counts were higher than in the controls (0.05<p<0.001). The dHbF values of the Kell sensitised fetuses were above (p<0.01) and the reticulocyte counts were below normal (p<0.05) for gestational age. For the anaemic fetuses, a significant number of the dHbF values (86%) and of the reticulocyte counts (78%) differed from the values of the controls (p<0.01). The dHbF percentages in RhD+ fetuses showed the best correlation with the Hb deficit, which is a measure for anaemia (r=−0.81, p<0.0001). We conclude that the percentage derivated HbF may indicate whether the RBC production is normal for gestational age. It may in that sense reflect stimulated or impaired erythropoiesis in alloimmunised haemolytic anaemia. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型无机复合混凝剂的制备及脱色效果研究

了以铝厂赤泥为原料制备无机复合凝凝剂的工艺,以制备过程中酸溶尼所用的盐酸浓度、酸溶时间和聚合ＰＨ等进行了优化。直接耐酸大红溶液和分散黄溶液的脱色以试验结果表明,此种混凝剂的脱色效果优于聚合氯化铝和聚合硫酸铁。     

微胶囊化红磷增效氢氧化镁阻燃聚乙烯的燃烧特性

探讨了微胶囊化红磷（MRP）在氢氧化镁（MH）阻燃低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）中的阻燃增效作用,用氧指数和锥型量热计研究了MRP/MH的不同配比对其氧指数、热释放速率、发烟量等燃烧性能参数的影响。试验结果表明在LDPE/MH体系中添加适量的MRP可以有效地提高材料的氧指数,进一步降低材料的热释放速率,延长材料的着火时间,但是材料的发烟量有所增加。从热失重实验结果可以看出,在LDPE/MH体系中添加MRP不仅大大提高材料的初始分解温度,而且具有较好的成炭作用。     

长期不同施肥措施对红壤水稻土有机碳和养分含量的影响

将红壤丘陵地区的荒地开垦为水田不仅可以防治土壤侵蚀,而且能增加土壤肥力,提高农田生产力.本文研究了红壤荒地垦殖为稻田,长期定位施肥15年后不同施肥措施下水稻土的有机碳和养分含量特征.结果表明:不同施肥措施包括不施肥条件下,15年水稻垦殖都提高了土壤肥力.不同施肥措施水稻土的pH提高了0.9～1.3个单位.耕层土壤有机碳含龟达到8.19～1O.13 g·kg-1,全氮含量达到0.89～1.20 g·kg-1,有机碳与全氮含最都有明显提高,且有机碳和全氮含量之间相关性极显著.水稻土耕层全磷含量在0.25～0360 g·kg-1之间,有效磷含量在2.2～20.9 mg·kg-1之间,化学磷肥的培肥效果好于有机肥(猪粪),有机无机磷肥配施能显著提高土壤全磷和有效磷库.土壤全钾还未有明显变化,土壤速效钾含量在40.4～142.5 mg·kg-1之间,不同施肥措施除氮钾肥处理外都造成了土壤速效钾含量下降,秸秆还田到目前为止对于土壤速效钾含量还没有明显作用.     

新型负载型光催化剂的制备及其光催化活性研究

以硝酸钙和磷酸为原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备了羟基磷灰石(HAP);以HAP为载体,采用浸渍-提拉法制得负载型光催化剂TiO2／HAP,并用其对酸性媒介红B进行光催化氧化实验;探讨了HAP煅烧温度和TiO2负载量对TiO2／HAP光催化活性的影响,并利用XRD、FT—IR和TEM对载体及TiO2／HAP催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明,煅烧温度、TiO2负载量对HAP吸附性能及催化活性有较大的影响;TiO2／HAP的催化活性明显优于TiO2／玻片的催化活性。