大巴山区自然资源及其开发利用

大巴山地处川、陕、渝的接合部,大气质量较好;由于特殊的地质构造,这里矿产资源较丰富;生物资源极其丰富,局部保存有原始森林,具有重要的科研、经济价值;旅游资源也极其丰富,是开展生态旅游和红色旅游的极好地区.     

赤潮的预测与控制对策

近年来,我国沿海地区越来越频繁的赤潮对水域环境与海水养殖业等造成了严重破坏。本文从赤潮发生的条件入手,分析了赤潮的预测方法,并提出了相应的对策。     

AUTUMN CHEMISTRY OF OREGON COAST RANGE STREAMS1

ABSTRACT: During an autumn runoff event we sampled 48 streams with predominantly forested watersheds and igneous bedrock in the Oregon Coast Range. The streams had acid neutralizing capacities (ANC) > 90 μeq/L and pH > 6.4. Streamwater Na ⁺, Ca^{2 +}, and Mg^{2 +} concentrations were greater than K ⁺ concentrations. Anion concentrations generally followed the order of Cl^- > NO₃^- > SO₄^2-. Chloride and Na ⁺ concentrations were highest in samples collected in streams near the Pacific Ocean and decreased markedly as distance from the coast increased. Sea salt exerted no discernible influence on stream water acid-base status during the sampling period. Nitrate concentrations in the study streams were remarkably variable, ranging from below detection to 172 μeq/L. We hypothesize that forest vegetation is the primary control of spatial variability of the NO₃^- concentrations in Oregon Coast Range streams. We believe that symbiotic N fixation by red alder in pure or mixed stands is the primary source of N to forested watersheds in the Oregon Coast Range.     

RED ALDER LEAF LITTER AND STREAMWATER QUALITY IN WESTERN OREGON1

ABSTRACT: Streamside red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) stands are common in western Oregon, and they have been suspected of causing water quality problems in domestic supplies during autumn leaf fall. Studies in the Seaside municipal watershed showed potential water quality effects (particularly increased color) from alder leaves, but stream sampling during 1981–82 revealed no chronic problems. The few observed short-term increases in water color occurred near the onset of storm flows, which suggested a flushing of organic matter storage sites. An extended period of unusually low flows and high leaf fall are probably necessary to produce significant water quality problems in this stream system. Laboratory leaching of alder leaves in filtered stream water indicated a fairly constant release of colored organic matter over time, and running water leached this matter more efficiently than still water. Water color increased linearly with increasing leaf mass added to still water, and for a given leaf mass there appeared to be a limit to the amount of colored matter that could be removed in the first 48 hours of leaching. Other laboratory tests showed that ultraviolet absorbance (254 mm) may provide a reasonable estimate of dissolved organic carbon concentrations in systems dominated by alder leaf inputs.     

褐菖鮋(Sebastiscusmarmoratus)金属硫蛋白的分离提纯及免疫测定

通过Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－７５凝胶过滤和ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ＣＬ－６Ｂ离子交换柱层析，从褐菖Ｙｏｕ肝脏分离金属硫蛋白。经氨基酸组成分析表明：褐菖Ｙｏｕ金属硫蛋白不含环状氨基酸，半胱氨酸含量达３５％，估算分子量为６７００道尔顿。等电聚焦显示两条区带，ＰＩ分别为４．０和４．２。金属硫蛋白经与牛血蛋白交联对兔进行免疫，兔抗血清用ＰｒｏｔｅｉｎＡ亲和纯化并标记上辣根过氧化物酶，利用酶联免疫吸附测     

用赤泥制备复合混凝剂的研究

对用赤泥为原料制备水处理用复合混凝剂的条件进行了较详细的研究 ,包括酸浸时酸的浓度、浸出时的液固比、浸出温度及时间 ;活化时的碳酸镁用量、活化pH值、活化温度和时间 ,确定了用赤泥制备复合混凝剂的的最佳工艺条件 ,制取了有较好脱色效果的复合混凝剂     

生物流化床处理废水的研究进展与展望

介绍了好氧生物流化床与厌氧生物流化床的研究和应用进展，对近年来出现的几种新型生物流化床的研究进展作了介绍，并展望了生物流化床技术发展方向和应用前景。同时提出了生物流化床在试验研究与应用中尚须解决的问题。     

人为的灾害——红潮

介绍了赤潮对人类健康和海洋环境的危害。列举了近20年来中国沿海发生的严重赤潮事件，提出不同条件下赤潮灾害的预防措施。     

真鲷去毒相关基因cDNA序列的克隆与肝脏组成型表达分析

赤潮发生时产生的一些海洋生物毒素对人类和海洋动物的安全形成潜在的威胁甚至导致死亡.为从分子水平探讨鱼类中海洋藻毒素的去毒分子机理,采用RT-PCR法克隆了真鲷(Pagrus major)肝脏芳香烃受体核转位蛋白(ARNT)和I时相异生素代谢酶细胞色素P4501A(CYP1A)基因cDNA核心序列,同时,应用半定量RT-PCR方法,以β-肌动蛋白作为外参照,在其指数期增长的范围内研究了芳香烃受体(AHR)、ARNT、CYP1A、II时相异生素代谢酶alpha型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTA1、GSTA2)、rho型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTR)、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)基因组成型表达水平.结果发现,真鲷ARNT、CYP1A基因cDNA核心序列片段分别长438bp和908bp,分别编码146和302个氨基酸.序列同源性分析发现,真鲷与门齿鲷(Stenotomus chrysops)、石首鱼(Micropogon undulatus)ARNT基因氨基酸序列同源性高达97.2%、95.2%,与斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)、人、大鼠、小鼠ARNT同源性较低(77.2%～79.3%).真鲷与门齿鲷、金头鲷(Sparus auratus)、欧洲川鲽(Rhombus maximus)、欧洲海鲈(Dicentrachus labrax)CYP1A基因氨基酸序列同源性较高,为84.8%～94.0%,与斑马鱼、人、小鼠CYP1A同源性较低,为59.6%～77.8%.真鲷肝脏AHR、ARNT、CYP1A、GSTA1、GSTA2、GSTR和HSP70基因组成型表达水平分别为(25.32±6.56)%、(26.22±4.24)%、(146.5±16.06)%、(55.42±3.75)%、(48.82±10.89)%、(79.47±3.13)%、(107.42±14.34)%.     

工业废渣制备生物质裂解用催化剂载体及其性能

以赤泥和粉煤灰为原料,无水碳酸钠为造孔剂,制备了用于生物质裂解的催化剂载体。探讨了载体的焙烧工艺、最佳配方及其最高焙烧温度,并对按最佳工艺条件所制备的载体进行了性能测试。