Quantifying and mapping species threat abatement opportunities to support national target setting

The successful implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity's post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework will rely on effective translation of targets from global to national level and increased engagement across diverse sectors of society. Species conservation targets require policy support measures that can be applied to a diversity of taxonomic groups, that link action targets to outcome goals, and that can be applied to both global and national data sets to account for national context, which the species threat abatement and restoration (STAR) metric does. To test the flexibility of STAR, we applied the metric to vascular plants listed on national red lists of Brazil, Norway, and South Africa. The STAR metric uses data on species’ extinction risk, distributions, and threats, which we obtained from national red lists to quantify the contribution that threat abatement and habitat restoration activities could make to reducing species’ extinction risk. Across all 3 countries, the greatest opportunity for reducing plant species’ extinction risk was from abating threats from agricultural activities, which could reduce species’ extinction risk by 54% in Norway, 36% in South Africa, and 29% in Brazil. Species extinction risk could be reduced by a further 21% in South Africa by abating threats from invasive species and by 21% in Brazil by abating threats from urban expansion. Even with different approaches to red-listing among countries, the STAR metric yielded informative results that identified where the greatest conservation gains could be made for species through threat-abatement and restoration activities. Quantifiably linking local taxonomic coverage and data collection to global processes with STAR would allow national target setting to align with global targets and enable state and nonstate actors to measure and report on their potential contributions to species conservation.     

我国渔民收入影响因素分析

海洋捕捞和海水养殖是影响渔民收入的两个重要因素。本文以渔民收入的影响因素海洋捕捞、海水养殖的变动趋势为切入点,分析了渔民收入增长趋缓原因,得出目前海洋捕捞得不偿失应着力发展海水养殖。而海水养殖中严重海洋环境问题赤潮给渔民带来重大经济损失,影响了渔民收入增长。     

Decolorization of reactive brilliant red K-2BP by white rot fungus under sterile and non-sterile conditions

Introduction Synthetic dyestuffs are extensively used for textile dyeing as well as other industrial applications. According to chemical structure of the chromophoric group, dyestuffs are classified as azo dyes, anthra- quinone dyes, triarylmethine dyes, …     

湖南古丈奥陶纪红石林地层特征与石灰岩沉积环境分析

湘西古丈红石林国家地质公园出露着奥陶系牯牛潭组红色石灰岩地层,含角石化石,被认为是海相红层.野外观察地层红色深浅与其层理/层次变化关系判断为近于同期形成,属原生色.水生化石存在红层中,前者反映水下缺氧条件,而红层指示着氧化环境,两种指示尖锐对立,意味着可能至少一方存在认识偏差.采样分析结果表明,赤铁矿和针铁矿是其中可以...     

以河北平山为例谈革命圣地生态经济的拓展与繁荣

鉴于河北平山丰富的生态资源和"西柏坡"精神的社会影响,以太行山原生态资源为依托,西柏坡革命圣地旅游为龙头,县辖景致和文化遗址为基础,努力打造文化产业精品,促进区域经济稳步发展,倡导"文化兴县"并突出旅游经济地位,开拓县辖区"红色承载和谐自然"的人文生态环境,倡导创建红色文化与绿色生态"互融与双赢"的时代策略。     

铁碳微电解预处理TNT红水

为了寻求经济有效的TNT红水处理技术,对铁碳微电解工艺预处理TNT红水进行了研究。结果表明,当pH值为3,铁碳质量比0.25∶1,曝气3 h时,COD去除率达到10.1%,2,4-二硝基甲苯-3-磺酸(2,4-dinitrotoluene-3-sulfonic acid,2,4-DNT-3-SA)和2,4-二硝基甲苯-5-磺酸(2,4-dinitrotoluene-5-sulfonic acid,2,4-DNT-5-SA)的去除率分别可达到10.4%和12.0%;铁碳微电解可以将TNT红水中部分有机物进行转化或去除,经过铁碳微电解后,红水中的有机物从原来的11种变为16种。大部分有机物得到了不同程度的转化,其中1,3,5-三硝基甲苯相对含量降低得最多。     

赤泥晶种法磷酸铵镁结晶工艺模拟废水磷的回收

以赤泥为晶种,研究不同工艺条件对磷酸铵镁(MAP)结晶法回收模拟废水中磷的影响。结果表明,在投加赤泥(60～80目)8 g/L,搅拌速度为180 r/min,搅拌时间30 min,沉淀时间30 min,N∶Mg∶P=1∶1∶1的条件下磷酸根离子的回收率随初始磷酸盐浓度的增加而增大,在初始磷酸盐浓度小于90 mg/L时增幅较大,初始磷酸盐浓度大于90 mg/L后增幅减小;pH值对磷酸根离子的回收率影响显著,结合铵根离子、镁离子的回收率变化,pH值为9.5时最优;磷酸根离子的回收率随着Mg∶P摩尔比和N∶P摩尔比增大而呈上升趋势,当Mg∶P摩尔比为1.4∶1、N∶P摩尔比为4∶1时,磷酸盐的回收率可达97.9%。运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对最优工艺条件下的结晶产物进行了表征,表明磷主要以磷酸铵镁形态回收。     

退化红壤区湿地松恢复林潜在耗水量预测及造林密度选择

基于植被重建的生态恢复作为退化红壤治理的重要技术在南方得到了广泛应用。采用热扩散探针法（TDP）对以千烟洲为代表的南方退化红壤区湿地松树干液流与气象因子进行同步观测,建立湿地松潜在耗水量模型,并对目前湿地松的造林合理性进行评价。结果表明：湿地松边材面积与胸径、树龄的相关关系分别可用二次函数和幂函数很好地拟合。采用多元线性回归分析建立潜在液流通量模型,潜在液流通量与冠层温度、冠层相对湿度、光合有效辐射相关性均显著。基于边材面积和潜在液流通量的潜在耗水量模型不仅可以预测林分耗水动态规律,还可以插补液流观测过程中的非正常值和缺失值。就林分耗水量方面而言,目前研究区湿地松林造林密度是比较合理的     

阴/阳离子有机蛭石制备及其对活性艳红的吸附热力学研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)对钠基蛭石进行阴/阳离子有机改性,并用X射线衍射和红外光谱技术对改性蛭石进行了结构表征,结果表明:改性后,蛭石的基本骨架并没有发生变化,表面活性剂分子进入蛭石晶片层间;热力学分析表明,等温吸附规律可用Freundlich和Langmuir模式较好地模拟;热...     

长江水絮凝污泥制备光催化剂及其催化活性

用聚硅硫酸钛絮凝处理长江水,所产生的絮凝污泥经干燥、煅烧处理后制备了具有较高催化活性的复合光催化剂,并用XRD对其进行了表征。考察了絮凝pH值、煅烧温度、絮凝剂投加量和光催化剂投加量等因素对复合光催化剂光催化降解活性艳红K-2BP溶液的影响。结果表明,当絮凝pH值为4,煅烧温度为500℃,絮凝剂投加量为0．2g／L时,制备的复合光催化剂催化活性最佳,光催化降解浓度为25mg／L的活性艳红K-2BP溶液15min后降解率达99．9％,与同等实验条件下P-25的降解效率相当。