我国赤潮新记录种--Peridinium quinquecorne Abe的研究

1999年5月在广东省惠阳大亚湾发生一起Peridinium quinquecorne赤潮.利用光镜和电镜对赤潮生物进行形态学观察.赤潮期间,赤潮生物最高密度可达11.8×106L-1,随着气温骤降,赤潮消退.P. Quinquecorne是一喜生活在富营养化的浅湾内兼具附着、浮游习性的种类,针对赤潮发生区域的营养盐与该种赤潮发生的关系作了探讨.     

Initial results from a multi-institutional collaboration to monitor harmful algal blooms in South Carolina

The rapid rate of development in the South Carolina (SC) coastal zone has heightened public concern for the condition of the state's estuaries, and alerted scientists to the potential that novel and adverse effects on estuarine ecosystems may result. Although well-developed databases from long-term monitoring programs exist for many variables valuable in predicting and following system responses, information on phytoplankton distributions in SC estuaries has lagged. Knowledge of the dynamical relationship between environmental (e.g., nutrient quantity and quality) and biological (e.g., grazing) regulation, and phytoplankton biomass and composition is critical to understanding estuarine susceptibility to eutrophication or harmful algal blooms (HABs). Recently, SC scientists from federal, state, and academic institutions established a collaborative monitoring program to assess HAB distribution and ecology statewide. The South Carolina Harmful Algal Bloom Program includes: a) intensive temporal monitoring at areas of known HAB occurrence or those exhibiting symptoms potentially related to HABs (e.g., prevalent fish lesions), b) extensive spatial monitoring in coordination with existing statewide efforts, c) a citizen volunteer monitoring network, d) nutrient response bioassays, and e) laboratory-based physiological experiments on HAB isolates. By combining trip-wire surveillance and rapid response systems, routine monitoring of environmental parameters and HAB distribution, and process-oriented studies examining the physiological functioning of HAB species, an enhanced understanding of the impact and environmental control of HABs in SC estuaries will be achieved. The application of this approach to studies on the distribution and physiological ecology of a new widespread SC red tide, and to the discovery of several potentially toxic blooms (including Pfiesteria) in SC holding ponds, are described.     

红色旅游传承红色记忆的理论逻辑与动态过程

红色旅游在传承红色记忆方面发挥着重要作用,但对红色旅游为什么能够传承红色记忆,以及红色旅游传承红色记忆的具体过程等基础问题尚缺乏深入的理论探讨。以文化记忆理论和互动仪式链理论为依据,论证了红色记忆作为文化记忆、红色旅游作为仪式的理论合理性,明确了红色记忆传承的基本规律,提出了红色旅游传承红色记忆的理论逻辑和动态过程模型,并进一步讨论了红色旅游作为一种仪式在传承红色记忆方面的独特价值、作用边界、融合发展和实践路径等问题。研究结论有助于红色旅游理论研究者从更普适性的视角和更深的理论层次认识红色旅游与红色记忆之间的关系,为实践领域更好地开展红色旅游工作提供了基础理论支持。     

Assessing the Threat Status of Ecological Communities

Abstract: Conservationists are increasingly interested in determining the threat status of ecological communities as a key part of their planning efforts. Such assessments are difficult because of conceptual challenges and a lack of generally accepted criteria. We reviewed 12 protocols for assessing the threat status of communities and identified conceptual and operational issues associated with developing a rigorous, transparent, and universal set of criteria for assessing communities, analogous to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List standards for species. We examined how each protocol defines a community and its extinction and how each applies 3 overarching criteria: decline in geographic distribution, restricted geographic distribution, and changes to ecological function. The protocols vary widely in threshold values used to assess declines and distribution size and the time frames used to assess declines, leading to inconsistent assessments of threat status. Few of the protocols specify a scale for measuring distribution size, although assessment outcomes are highly sensitive to scale. Protocols that apply different thresholds for species versus communities tend to require greater declines and more restricted distributions for communities than species to be listed in equivalent threat categories. Eleven of the protocols include a reduction in ecological function as a criterion, but almost all assess it qualitatively rather than quantitatively. We argue that criteria should be explicit and repeatable in their concepts, parameters, and scale, applicable to a broad range of communities, and address synergies between types of threats. Such criteria should focus on distribution size, declines in distribution, and changes to key ecological functions, with the latter based on workable proxies for assessing the severity, scope, and immediacy of degradation. Threat categories should be delimited by thresholds that are assessed at standard scales and are logically consistent with the viability of component species and important ecological functions.     

Catalytic ozonation of reactive red X-3B in aqueous solution under low pressure: decolorization and OH· generation

Catalytic ozonation of Reactive Red X-3B in aqueous solution had been carried out in an ozone oxidation reactor where Mn-Fe-ceramic honeycomb was used as the catalysts. The presence of Mn-Fe-ceramic honeycomb catalyst could obviously improve the decoloration efficiency of Reactive Red X-3B and the utilization efficiency of ozone compared to the results from non-catalytic ozonation. Adsorption of Reactive Red X-3B had no obviously influence on the degradation efficiency. Addition of tert-butanol significantly decreased the degradation efficiency, indicating that the degradation of Reactive Red X-3B followed the mechanism of hydroxyl radical (OH·) oxidation. The operating variables such as reaction pressure and ozone supply had a positive influence on the degradation efficiency, mainly attributing to facilitate the ozone decomposition and OH· formation.     

优化多孔蜂窝状硅镁胶的制备及其对弱酸性红的吸附性能

为了研究开发经济、高吸附量、可再生的吸附剂,以Na₂SiO₃、MgCl₂为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出一系列优化蜂窝状硅镁胶,并分析制备硅镁胶的最佳焙烧条件,采用热重分析(TG)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、比表面及孔隙度分析、电镜扫描(SEM)等手段对硅镁胶进行结构表征和性质测定,研究硅镁胶对印染废水中弱酸性红的吸附行为. 结果表明:经500 ℃焙烧4 h后镁硅配比〔n(Mg2+)∶n(SO2-₃)〕为3∶1的硅镁胶对弱酸性红具有最好的吸附效果,硅镁胶对弱酸性红的吸附符合Langmuir模型,吸附过程符合伪二级动力学模型,在吸附温度为25 ℃、投加量为0.5 g/L、ρ(弱酸性红)初始值为200 mg/L时,硅镁胶对弱酸性红的饱和吸附量可达到199.51 mg/g,脱除率达到99.34%;经过5次再生之后对弱酸性红依然具有较高的吸附量,可达到192.12 mg/g,脱除率为95.60%. 研究显示,以Na₂SiO₃、MgCl₂为原料制备的优化多孔蜂窝状硅镁胶对弱酸性红具备良好的吸附性能,并且具有较好的再生能力,是一种廉价高效的吸附材料.      

生态浮床技术处理景观水体试验研究

采用生态浮床的形式,将黄菖蒲、美人蕉生态栽培植物单作、混作,根据植物的生长状况和植物对水体中氮磷等污染有机物的去除特征、去除率探明黄菖蒲、美人蕉处理城市景观水体的净化效果。经过60 d 的试验研究发现,植物生长良好,氮磷及有机污染物质得到有效去除。结果表明,单作黄菖蒲比单作美人蕉更能有效去除氮营养元素,对 TN 的去除率可达69．4％;单作美人蕉比单作黄菖蒲更能有效去除磷营养元素,对 TP 的去除率可达70．5％;混作 TN 、TP 的去除率分别为47．8％、56．8％,去除氨氮、高锰酸盐效果比单作更明显。     

The effect of temperature on leaching and subsequent decomposition of dissolved carbon from inundated floodplain litter: implications for the generation of hypoxic blackwater in lowland floodplain rivers

Dissolved organic carbon export from floodplain litter during flood events is an important energy subsidy for lowland rivers. Temperature affects both the release and decomposition of dissolved organic carbon from floodplain plant litter. Unseasonally warm flood conditions have resulted in the release and consumption of carbon at a rate so rapid that water column oxygen has been depleted, causing the death of aquatic organisms upon exposure to this ‘hypoxic blackwater’. To date, there has not been a systematic investigation of the role of temperature on hypoxic blackwater dynamics. In a series of laboratory experiments, we investigated the temperature dependence of both leaching and decomposition of carbon from a common floodplain litter component in south-eastern Australia – the leaves of the river red gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The leaching rate increased with temperature and approximated Arrhenius kinetics. Additionally, the solubility of the leaf carbon increased substantially at temperatures above ～25°C. The rate of organic carbon respiration also increased with temperature, and the relationship with temperature was approximately linear. These data can be used to improve models for the prediction of hypoxic blackwater risk.     

137Cs示踪红壤丘陵区坡地土壤侵蚀的研究--以江西丰城市为例

通过137Cs示踪技术,并采用相关的土壤侵蚀定量模型,对红壤丘陵区江西丰城市坡面不同土地利用类型、方式以及不同地貌部位的土壤侵蚀进行了研究。结果表明：研究区137Cs的本底值为1 992.45±145.63 Bq/m2;试验区典型坡地不同地貌部位均存在着一定程度的土壤侵蚀,且侵蚀强度总的变化趋势为坡底部>坡中部>坡顶部;不同土地利用类型和方式下的坡面侵蚀强度亦呈现一定的分异现象,从大到小依次为耕作土坡面>退耕30年+退耕1年混合坡面>退耕30年坡面>荒坡。     

TiO2悬浆体系光催化降解酸性红B动力学分析

采用TiO2悬浆体系, 以高硼紫外灯为光源, 考察了酸性红B 光催化降解中溶液初始质量浓度、催化剂投加量、无机盐、空气通入量、pH 值对光催化降解速率影响.用Langmuir-hinshelwood 方程描述酸性红B光催化动力学行为. 结果表明:初始质量浓度增加, 反应由一级向零级过渡; 催化剂投加量在0.5～2.5 g/L时, 30 mg/L酸性红B一级反应速率常数与投加量成线性关系; 5种溶解性无机盐对光催化降解酸性红B存在抑制作用, 阴离子影响大于阳离子; 通入空气影响动力学行为, 改变反应级数.本实验在pH 值为3时光催化降解效果最佳, 且酸性条件下比碱性下条件效果更好;TiO2表面吸附能力随pH 值增大而减弱,光催化过程控制步骤在酸性和碱性条件不同.