隔音值班室降噪效果及对策分析

目前的炼油工艺都是连续性自动化生产,其操作人员的正常工作主要是在值班室通过监视仪表来控制装置。为了防止设备噪声对人体的危害,都修建隔音值班室。经过对炼油厂内的30个隔音值班室实际运行的调查、分析,提出了切实可行的有效对策。     

Air pollution impact assessment on agroecosystem and human health characterisation in the area surrounding the industrial settlement of Milazzo (Italy): a multidisciplinary approach

In order to evaluate the impact of atmospheric pollutants emitted by the industrial settlement of Milazzo (Italy) on agriculture, sulphur dioxide and ozone levels in air were monitored and the data were used to estimate yield losses of the most widespread cultures. Trace element concentrations in crops and soils were also detected and metabolic profiles of soil microbial communities were considered. Vibrio fischeri test was used to appraise airborne pollutant ecotoxicity and epidemiological studies on causes of death distribution were carried out to characterize health state of people living in the area. All the sampling points were selected in farms on the basis of a theoretical meteo-diffusive model of industrial air pollutants. Experimental SO₂ and O₃ values mainly exceeded the threshold established by Italian and EU regulations to protect vegetation and they correspond to estimated significant crop losses. Conversely toxic element residues in soils and in agroalimentary products were generally lower than the fixed values. SO₂ and O₃ concentrations, toxic element contents and ecotoxicity levels of airborne pollutants were not related only to industrial site emissions, while the fluctuations on metabolic profiles of soil microbial communities seem to agree with the predicted deposition of xenobiotic compounds from the industrial plants. The epidemiological study evidenced a better health state of populations living in the investigated area than in the Messina province and the Sicily region but, inside the area, males living in the municipalities closest to the industrial settlement exhibited a worst health state than those in the very far ones.     

炼油企业SO2的源特征分析评价及空气质量预测

分析炼油企业的SO2的源特征及环境浓度分布特征,可反应此行业的SO2排放现状.利用高斯点源模型对石油化工行业造成的SO2地面浓度进行预测.利用模糊数学法进行环境空气质量预测.结果表明,该区域环境空气属清洁.     

混凝-间歇式活性污泥法处理炼油废水

采用混凝-间歇式活性污泥（SBR）法处理炼油废水,考察了混凝、SBR法对炼油废水的处理效果。实验结果表明：在硫酸铝、聚丙烯酰胺、CaCl2加入量分别为50,3,100mg／L的条件下,油去除率为82．7％,COD去除率为57．1％,BOD,／COD为0．24,混凝处理出水具有一定的可生化性;对混凝处理出水用SBR法进行厌氧水解2h、好氧曝气9h的生物处理后,出水COD低于150mg／L,COD去除率在80％左右。     

Effects of Urban Development on Ant Communities: Implications for Ecosystem Services and Management

Abstract:  Research that connects the effects of urbanization on biodiversity and ecosystem services is lacking. Ants perform multifarious ecological functions that stabilize ecosystems and contribute to a number of ecosystem services. We studied responses of ant communities to urbanization in the Lake Tahoe basin by sampling sites along a gradient of urban land development. We sampled ant communities, measured vegetation characteristics, quantified human activities, and evaluated ant-community responses by grouping ants into service-providing units (SPUs), defined as a group of organisms and their populations that perform specific ecosystem services, to provide an understanding of urbanization impacts on biodiversity and their delivery of ecosystem services. Species richness and abundance peaked at intermediate levels of urban development, as did the richness of 3 types of ant SPUs (aerators, decomposers, and compilers). With increasing land development aerator and decomposer ants significantly declined in abundance, whereas compiler ants significantly increased in abundance. Competing models demonstrated that precipitation was frequently among the strongest influences on ant community structure; however, urban development and human activities also had a strong, negative influence on ants, appearing in most models with ΔAIC_c < 2 for species richness and abundance patterns of SPUs and generalists. Response diversity was observed within SPUs, which suggests that the corresponding ecosystem services were maintained until development reached 30–40%. Our data provide evidence that ecosystem functions, such as water infiltration and soil productivity, may be diminished at sites subject to greater levels of urbanization and that conserving ant communities and the ecosystem services they provide could be an important target in land-use planning and conservation efforts.     

炼油废水生物脱氮中间试验

对炼油废水中氮氮的生物降解用两种工艺进行了中间试验。试验结果表明,正常工艺条件下,Ｏ／Ｏ工艺处理后出水中ＮＨ３－Ｎ〈２５ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＯＤ〈４０ｍｇ／Ｌ,油〈５ｍｇ／Ｌ;Ａ／Ｏ工艺处理后出水中ＮＨ３－Ｎ〈２０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＯＤ〈５０ｍｇ／Ｌ,油〈５ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＮＯ＾３－Ｎ〈１０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

反渗透膜法海水淡化技术在大连石化公司的应用

大连石化公司采用反渗透膜法海水淡化工艺为生产装置提供淡水资源,其用水取自炼化装置冷却换热后的海水,不额外增加海水的取用量,降低了成本。装置采用常规预处理加三级反渗透膜分离技术,同时配备了能量回收装置,将反渗透高压"浓水"的能量转换到低压的原海水中,使得能耗大大降低。文章介绍了该工艺的流程及其技术特点,该装置节能、节水,其产品水质量达到甚至超过了中压锅炉补给水的要求。工程运行稳定,对沿海同类企业有借鉴意义。     

特大工程建设项目引入职业健康安全管理体系的研究与应用

探讨以工程建设项目为对象,将各参建单位作为相关方来建立职业健康安全管理体系(简称OHSMS),按照体系的要求对建设项目实施系统化管理。在泰州大桥建设项目的实践表明,通过推行OHSMS,使各参建单位明确其管理职责及运行机制,确定各参建方的信息沟通和管理控制程序,可以实现工程建设项目系统化、程序化和文件化的职业健康安全管理。将建设项目各参建方的安全工作纳入系统化、科学化管理,对提高工程项目安全管理水平具有重要作用。     

现役火电机组拆除脱硫旁路挡板应对措施研究

根据“十二五”环境保护规划要求,现役火电机组大部分脱硫装置必须拆除旁路挡板。介绍了现役火电机组脱硫装置旁路烟道设置所发挥的作用,分析了现役火电机组脱硫装置拆除旁路挡板后对机组所产生的影响及存在问题,并提出了相应的改造、完善和运维管理措施,为现役火电机组拆除脱硫旁路挡板后的工作提供借鉴和帮助。     

预处理-超滤-反渗透工艺深度处理炼油厂污水

采用预处理-超滤-反渗透工艺深度处理某炼油厂污水场的二沉池出水。预处理单元出水COD为40mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)为1mg/L,SS为6.3mg/L,能够满足超滤-反渗透系统的进水要求。超滤单元进水压力在0.04~0.08MPa波动,反渗透单元进水压力在0.92~1.12MPa波动,运行均稳定,化学清洗周期均可超过一个月。预处理-超滤-反渗透工艺产水回用于二级脱盐装置脱盐水补水的成本为每吨产水2.04元,低于企业现有的新鲜水每吨3.45元的费用。该优质产水取代新鲜水回用,每年可为企业节约100多万元。