苯酚三维荧光光谱特征参数影响因素的研究

用三维荧光光谱法研究了不同离子浓度,pH值对苯酚荧光光谱特征参数的影响,并探讨了腐殖酸对苯酚的荧光猝灭效应.结果表明,天然水中9种常见离子Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、K+、NH4+、Cl-、HCO3-、SO42-、HPO42-对苯酚的荧光光谱形状和荧光强度基本无影响;NO3-的存在会使苯酚的荧光强度发生变化,荧光强度随着NO3-浓度增大而减小.苯酚在酸性和碱性条件下的存在形式不同,致使pH值对其荧光光谱特征参数影响较大:在酸性条件下,荧光强度基本保持不变;在碱性条件下,由于羟基的电离使荧光强度很弱.腐殖酸的存在使苯酚发生荧光猝灭,采用Stern-Volmer方程修正式对实验猝灭结果进行拟合,得到的拟合结果较好,相关系数为0.9995.     

Detection of intermediates in the TiO2-assisted photodegradation of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation

The photocatalytic degradation of dye Rhodamine B （RhB） in the presence of TiO2 nanostdpe or P25 under visible light irradiation was investigated. The degradation intermediates were identified using Infrared spectra （IR spectra）, ^1H nuclear magnetic resonance （^1HNMR） spectra, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy （GC-MS）. The IR and the ^1HNMR results showed that the large conjugated chromophore structure of RhB was efficiently destroyed under visible light irradiation in both the photocatalytic systems （TiO2 nanostfipe or P25 and Rhodamine B systems）. GC-MS results showed that the main identified intermediates were ethanediotic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid and benzoic acid, which were almost the same in the TiO2 nanostdpes and P25 systems. This work provides a good insight into the reaction pathway（s） for the TiO2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants under visible light irradiation.     

Treatment of tannery wastewater by electrocoagulation

Treatment of tannery wastewater by electrocoagulation with low cell current(≤1A)and soluble electrodes(mild steel electrodes and aluminum electrodes)was studied.Compared with aluminum electrodes,mild steel electrodes were more effective for the removal of sulfide,with a removal efficiency of over 90%.But during the treatment process,black color precipitate typical to iron(Ⅱ)sulfides was produced.While aluminum electrodes were effective to eliminate the colority of the effluent,the removal efficiency of sulfide was lower than 12%.The mechanisms of the removal of chemical oxygen demand,ammonia,total organic carbon,sulfide and colority with the two soluble electrodes(mild steel and aluminum electrodes)were discussed in detail.In order to exert the predominance of diffenent types of electrodes,the tannery wastewater was treated using mild steel electrodes first followed by the filter and finally by the aluminum electrodes,the elimination rates of chemical oxygen demand,ammonia,total organic carbon,sulfide and colority were 68.0%,43.1%,55.1%,96.7% and 84.3%,respectively,with the initial concentrations 2413.1 mg/L,223.4 mg/L,1000.4 mg/L,112.3 mg/L and 256 dilution times,respectively.The absorbance spectra and energy consumption during electrocoagulation process were also discussed.     

用自旋标记方法研究环境诱变剂对健康人红细胞膜动态性质的影响

健康人的完整血红细胞膜用脂肪酸自旋标记物Ⅰ(12,3)和Ⅰ(1,14)标记,测得其ESR波谱·氟化钠、重铬酸钾、丝裂霉素C和秋水仙素等环境诱变剂较显著地改变膜的序参数S和旋转相关时间,尤在膜表层,S和明显增大。温度曲线表明,人血的完整红细胞膜的相变点在膜表层和深层分别是38℃和40.0℃。在诱变剂作用下,膜类酯的动力学性质有明显变化。     

Tracking the reactivity of ozonation towards effluent organic matters from WWTP using two-dimensional correlation spectra

The characteristics of effluent organic matter (EfOM) from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) during ozonation were investigated using excitation and emission matrix (EEM) spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) at different ozone dosages. The selectivity of ozonation towards different constituents and functional groups was analysed using two-dimensional correlation spectra (2D-COS) probed by FT-IR, synchronous fluorescence spectra and HPSEC. The results indicated that ozonation can destroy aromatic structures of EfOM and change its molecular weight distribution (MWD). According to 2D-COS analysis, microbial humic-like substances were preferentially removed, and then the protein-like fractions. Terrestrial humic-like components exhibited inactivity towards ozonation compared with the above two fractions. Protein-like substances with small molecular weight were preferentially reacted during ozonation based on 2D-COS probed by HPSEC. In addition, the selectivity of ozone towards different functional groups of EfOM exhibited the following sequence: phenolic and alcoholic CO groups?>?aromatic structures containing CC double bonds?>?aliphatic CH. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further elucidated the preferential reaction of aromatic structures in EfOM during ozonation.     

镜质体反射率(R_O)推算古地温研究进展

沉积盆地形成和演化过程中 ,盆地的热体制是动态变化的 ,研究的方法也多种多样。文中较详细地介绍了各种运用有机质成熟度来研究盆地热演化的方法 ,并对它们的优缺点进行了评价。因此得出适合自己工作区的两种方法 :A .Hood图解法和镜质体反射率梯度法。前者是较为成熟的方法 ,而后者是较新的方法     

太湖颗粒态有机质的荧光特征及环境指示意义

作为水体中有机质分解与营养盐再生的核心载体之一,颗粒态有机质(POM)是一个潜在的可以被生物利用的重要营养源,势必对水华的暴发产生重要的影响.本研究采集了太湖8个典型区域32个样品,利用三维荧光技术(EEMs)并结合平行因子分析法(PARAFAC)解析夏季太湖水体POM的荧光特征、来源及环境指示意义,并对POM与DOM荧光特征的差异性及草、藻型湖区POM的差异性进行了分析.结果表明,太湖POM共有5种荧光组分,分别是类色氨酸(C1和C2)、类腐殖质(C3和C4)及类酪氨酸(C5);其中,C1与C2、C3与C4两两具有极显著相关关系,C5与C3、C4也具有极好的相关性;通过与已有文献中的DOM荧光特征进行比对发现,夏季太湖POM与DOM在组分构成、来源及其与水质参数的相关性上均存在差异性.夏季太湖POM既有外源输入,也有内源输入,但其荧光指数(FI、HIX、BIX)取值范围为1.78~2.35、0.3~2.7、0.8~1.1,表明内源特性相对强烈.类腐殖质荧光与TN、TP、Chla、COD、POC、SS均呈显著相关性,表明荧光分析法可以作为营养盐半定量分析的一个重要手段.藻型湖区POM类蛋白物质主要由类色氨酸和类酪氨酸构成,而草型湖区以类酪氨酸为主,没有或者有极少的类色氨酸荧光组分;值得注意的是,与藻型湖区相比,草型湖区含有较多的类酪氨酸荧光组分(t检验,P0.01).藻型湖区POM类蛋白和类腐殖质荧光之间具有显著相关性,而草型湖区两者相关性不显著;藻型湖区POM类蛋白和类腐殖质荧光均与Chla呈显著相关性,而草型湖区仅类腐殖质荧光与Chla具有显著相关关系.     

Age-dependent association between testosterone and crown UV coloration in male blue tits (Parus caeruleus)

The proximate basis of sexual traits can suggest mechanisms maintaining honesty in signalling. A central role hereby has been attributed to testosterone, although its importance for brightly coloured plumage has been questioned. We determined circulating testosterone levels in male blue tits captured at the start of breeding and demonstrated an age-dependent relationship between testosterone and male crown UV/blue coloration. In yearling males, testosterone increases with increasing ornamentation (higher UV chroma, higher chroma, more UV-shifted hue), whereas in older males, this relationship is negative, with less UV-ornamented males having higher testosterone. This pattern is robust since it occurred in 2 years, before and after egg laying, and in males sampled during the day and during the night, despite a tenfold difference in testosterone levels. Since more UV-ornamented young males gain higher within-pair paternity, while less UV-ornamented older males achieve more extra-pair matings, the results imply that higher testosterone is associated with reproductive success and attractiveness in both age classes. We hypothesise that this relationship could result from causal effects of testosterone on coloration or through associations with behaviour and suggest ways to test these hypotheses. Our results caution against premature dismissal of a potential role for testosterone in maintaining honesty of plumage signals.     

二甲基硫醚的真空紫外光电子谱

本文测定了二甲基硫醚（ＤＭＳ）的真空紫外光电子能谱（ＵＰＳ），实验测得的ＤＭＳ的各Ｉｖ（ｃＶ）值与Ｋｉｍｕｒａ的结果一致。８．７９，１１．２９ｅＶ峰指认为硫原子孤对电子ｎｇ，ｎｓ的电子电离，１２．６２ｅＶ峰相应于σｃｓ价电子电离，１４．０３－１５．４２ｅＶ的四个峰相应于πＣＨ３－，πＣＨ３＋电子电离，紫外光辐照影响ＤＭＳ的ＵＰＳ，显示在πＣＨ３有变化。微波放电时ＤＭＳ的ＵＰＳ有明显的影响，有许多新     

水相中CCl4和CHCl3的紫外光解机理

利用瞬态吸收光谱技术研究水体污染物CCl4 和CHCl3 在紫外光照条件下的转化和归宿 ,表明在 2 4 8nm激光作用下 ,CCl4 解离为CCl3 和Cl自由基 ;CHCl3 在此条件下不解离 ,但加入少量的苯后即发生明显解离 ,产生CHCl2 和Cl自由基 .在有氧条件下 ,光解产生的CCl3 和CHCl2 自由基均与O2 反应分别生成CCl3O2 和CHCl2 O2 ;在无氧条件下 ,CCl3 和CHCl2 则发生偶合反应分别生成C2 Cl6和C2 H2 Cl4 .本研究还得出了一些微观速率常数 .