关于水环境中污染带长度计算与应用问题的讨论

通过采用不同方法对污染带长度进行分析计算，结果表明，在污染带长度的计算中，必须考虑边壁反射作用，而一般情况下，考虑2次边壁反射的计算结果即可以满足精度要求。本文通过对污染带长度应用问题的讨论认为：在实际工作中，不仅需要研究污染带长度，还需要对污染区域内污染物的实际浓度给予关注，两者结合，才能对污染范围和程度有更准确和全面的认识。     

太赫兹波斜入射均匀非磁化等离子中传输特性研究

目的 研究太赫兹波斜入射均匀非磁化等离子体中的传输特性。方法 根据分层介质中的电磁波传播理论,给出了等离子中太赫兹波的功率反射和透射系数,分析了太赫兹波频率、入射角、等离子体的碰撞频率和电子密度对太赫兹波传输特性的影响。结果 垂直入射时,模型结果与已有文献结果一致;斜入射时,入射角度增大,反射系数增大,透射系数变小。太赫兹波频率增大,反射系数减小,透射系数起初快速增大,而后变得平缓。等离子体的电子密度增大,透射系数减小,碰撞吸收增大,太赫兹波衰减增大。结论 入射角变大,反射率增大。太赫兹波频率较低时,入射角对透射率影响明显。     

Fracture Characterization Using Borehole Radar: Numerical Modeling

Forward modeling of borehole radar data for a series of synthetic discrete-fracture network (DFN) models provides a conceptual framework for interpreting experimental field data at fractured rock sites. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) radar wave propagation model was developed for this purpose. Synthetic examples demonstrate the utility of single-hole reflection-mode and cross-hole transmission-mode borehole radar for (1) identification of fracture location and orientation, and (2) identification of fracture pore-fluid properties, which might change as a result of tracer tests or flooding exercises in support of resource development or site remediation. A two-dimensional, synthetic DFN was generated statistically based on hypothetical distributions of fracture length, orientation, aperture, permeability, and inter-connectivity. The DFN includes a zone of permeable fractures embedded within a network of lower-permeability fractures and a low-permeability rock matrix. We modeled the unconnected and non-permeable fractures as being filled with freshwater. To simulate tracer experiments, contaminant releases, or engineered-remediation processes, we considered alternately the inter-connected, permeable fractures to be filled with freshwater air, or saline water (tracer). Synthetic radar data sets for both single-hole reflection and cross-hole transmission modes were generated. The features in synthetic radargrams were then examined and compared to the DFN model to evaluate the likelihood of identifying fracture location, orientation, and pore fluid in field situations. This comparison demonstrates that (1) the replacement of freshwater with saline water in permeable fractures generally increases the amplitude of reflections from permeable, connected fractures; and (2) in general, radar reflection-mode data contains more information about fracture properties than transmission-mode data.     

衰减全反射红外光度法测定油含量的研究

介绍了衰减全反射红外光度法的基本原理以及计算该方法的定量分析依据一衰势波穿透深度。利用该方法测定系列样品的吸光度,绘制出标准曲线（相关系数r=0．99）,以测定四氯化碳中未知混合油含量,并与透射红外光度法比较。结果表明：该法可做为国标法的参考方法。     

固体声在建筑物内的衰减、反射和透射

固体声波在建筑物内传播会产生衰减、反射和透射。文中对居民楼内的固体传声进行了理论分析,认为建筑物内固体声传播过程中存在扩散衰减、结构突变衰减和阻尼损失衰减。同时,固体声波在墙体或楼板内反射使声能密度大大增加;固体声在传播过程中会向空气中透射,使得居民室内产生结构噪声污染。文中对某小区变压器房结构噪声进行理论分析和计算,预测了变压器房上方室内的结构噪声级,计算结果表明,当设备基础上振动级达到90 dB时,二楼居民室内的结构噪声级可达到41.3 dB,这对人们的正常生活会产生十分不利的影响。计算值与实际测量值较为吻合,说明理论分析和预测计算基本是可信的。     

Distribution of Platinum group elements in road dust in Beijing metropolitan area, China

Dust samples collected from the Beijing metropolitan area (China) were evaluated to determine the distribution and the concentration of platinum group elements (PGEs). The dust particles that were smaller than 100 mesh size fraction (150 μm) were analyzed after aqua regia digestion. Concentrations[RL2] of Pt, Rh, and Pd were found to be between 3.96 and 356.3 ng/g, 2.76 and 97.11 ng/g, and 0.1 and 124.9 ng/g, respectively, in the urban areas of Beijing, whereas for the background samples collected from the suburbs of Beijing, the concentration of Pt, Pd, and Rh were very low and ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 ng/g, 0.5 to 1.4 ng/g, and 0.8 to 2.2 ng/g, respectively. The[RL3] distributions of PGEs in road dust were an accurate reflection of the levels of pollution and were found to match with the local traffic conditions. A strong positive correlation was established among all the elements found in road dust. This suggests that emissions of abraded fragments from vehicle exhausts may be the source of the high concentration of Pt, Rh, and Pd in road dust along the main roads of Beijing.     

变分原理确定三角3m晶体等栅条的反射系数

SAW滤波器的反射栅条主要有晶体对称类型为立方m3m、四方4/mmm、六角6/mmm和三角3m等几种。立方m3m栅条反射系数已有具体的计算公式,由于晶体材料特性不同,该公式不适用于四方4/mmm,六角6/mmm和三角3m等栅条反射系数的计算。文章对四方4/mmm,六角6/mmm和三角3m等栅条反射系数进行了详细理论推导,给出其具体的数学表达式,发展了耦合模理论。最后数值计算了几种栅条的反射系数。     

共沉淀富集—固相光度法快速测定微量汞

以Cu2 I2 与Cu2 HgI4 共沉淀法富集微量汞 ,采用固相反射散射分光光度法测定沉淀物中微量汞的含量。探讨了该方法的基本原理 ,选择了最佳的反应条件和测定条件。该法具有快速、简便、灵敏等优点 ,可应用于极谱实验室空气中、土壤、水体及植物体中微量汞的测定。     

汽车爆炸的超压分布规律实验研究

测试了不同药量和不同车型的爆炸超压值,对汽车爆炸的超压分布规律进行了实验研究.结果表明,小汽车内发生炸药爆炸时,车门侧压力明显大于车尾部方向的压力,车外的冲击波超压值要大于空气中炸药爆炸的结果,前者约为后者的1.0～2.2倍.即车体对冲击波约束作用要小于车内底盘的反射作用.计算得到了实验中冲击波超压对人员的杀伤半径和最小安全距离,对汽车爆炸案件具有一定指导作用.冲击波的反射不可忽视,货车下地面炸药爆炸表现出明显的冲击波反射作用,测得超压值大于空气中爆炸的超压值.