云南省社会环境监测发展思考

随着事业单位分类改革的不断推进,现有各级环境监测站将成为从事公益服务的事业单位。目前其承担的社会委托性监测工作必将逐步分离出来,并交由社会环境监测机构完成。当前在云南省应运而生的社会环境监测机构在区域分布、人才、技术及监督管理上存在许多困难和问题。应积极引导和支持他们不断发展,使其成为各级环境监测能力的有效补充,成为为社会和环境管理提供服务的可靠力量。     

Engineering properties of asphalt concrete made with recycled glass

Taiwan is an island nation with high population density: 23 million people living in a total land area of 30 000 sq. km. The island has transformed from an agricultural society to an industrial one in the past three decades. Coming with the transformation is a cumulated waste problem. Taiwan produces nearly 5 million tons of waste each year, of which 10% is of glass materials. Bureau of Highway Department funded a research program to investigate ways of recycling the glass waste. This report presents information on the program and laboratory/field test data. Materials used in the test program included 85/100 asphalt, Type II modified asphalt, and treated glass waste. Four glass contents: 0, 5, 10, and 15%, in terms of the total aggregate weight, were used in the mixture designs for casting series of 10 cm diameter by 6.35 cm disk specimens. Tests including Marshall stability value, dry/wet moisture damage, skid resistance, light reflection, water permeability, and compaction were carried out in accordance with the ASTM and AASHTO procedures. The test results reveal that glass waste is a viable material for asphalt concrete that has been widely used in pavement that offers profound engineering and economic advantages.     

回归反射材料光度测试探讨

本文根据回归反射材料所特有的反光性能,对其三种测试方法及可能出现的影响测试结果的因素进行了分析讨论,为测试系统的设计、测试方法和仪器的选择及测试结果的不确定度评估提供参考。     

强度调制型光纤液体浓度检测传感器研究

根据全反射原理．菲涅尔公式及朗伯-比尔定律,证明了低浓度溶液与折射率和吸光度之间的线性关系,得到了光纤出射光强随液体包层浓度成负指数关系。根据上述结果,利用光的强度调制进行溶液浓度检测,即通过测量光强的变化,检测出待测溶液浓度。实验表明,强度调制光纤传感器可以实现溶液浓度检测。     

大气颗粒物中碳组分测定结果比较:元素分析和热光反射方法

采用元素分析(EA)和热光反射(TOR)2种方法对108个大气颗粒物样品(PM10和PM2.5)中的碳组分同步进行测定,分析2组测量结果的差别,并从原理上阐述2种方法的异同和优缺点.结果表明,EA法所得的ρ(TC)和ρ(OC)分别是TOR法测得的ρ(TC)和ρ(OC)的1.52和1.15倍.造成ρ(TC)结果相差很大的主要原因可能是2种方法的升温程序和控温时间不同,检测器不同;通过"归一化"讨论,从ρ(TC)和ρ(OC)测定结果上验证了EA法和TOR法在原理上的区别.为碳数据分析比较提供了一种思想,即通过TOR法测得的裂解碳(OP)在OC中的质量分数来校正EA法测得的ρ(OC);虽然EA法和TOR法对OC和EC的定量分析存在一定差别,但2种方法测出的ρ(OC)和ρ(EC)在季节分布规律上相同.     

The power of reflection for would-be leaders: Investigating individual work reflection and its impact on leadership in teams

This paper examines the key role that individual work reflection plays in facilitating individuals' leadership in teams. Consistent with the functional perspective on leadership, we argue that individual work reflection allows individuals to better understand their team's needs, and therefore enact higher levels of task-, relational-, and change-oriented leadership behaviors and be more effective leaders in their teams. We first conducted a series of measure development studies to validate a measure of individual work reflection comprising four dimensions of reflection at work: goals-, methods-, relationships-, and self-focused reflection. Then, across two independent studies assessing individuals in self-managing teams over time, we found support for our theoretical model linking individual work reflection to peer-rated leadership behaviors (Main Studies 1 and 2) and leadership effectiveness (Main Study 2). In further support of our theorizing, Main Study 2 also indicates that individual work reflection shapes leadership behaviors and effectiveness via understanding the team's needs, beyond a wide range of related constructs (e.g., feedback seeking, mindfulness, and rumination), as well as commonly studied predictors of leadership behaviors (i.e., the Big Five). Our theory and empirical findings help advance insights on the role of individual work reflection in improving leadership outcomes in organizations.     

Photocatalytic activity of ZnO films with micro-grid structure

A layer of zinc oxide (ZnO) micro-grid was deposited on the surface of ZnO film using the DC reactive magnetron sputtering method and the micro-sphere lithography technique on glass substrates. Samples of this layer were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction showed the high crystallinity of ZnO film and the regular arrangement of the micro-grid. The microgrid ZnO has a lower specular reflection and a higher diffuse reflection, allowing incident light to reflect two or three times to enhance the usage of light. Photocatalytic degradation experiments on methylene blue using both ZnO micro-grid and ordinary film showed that the ZnO micro-grid has better photo-catalytic properties than ordinary film. The ZnO micro-grid enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO film by 28% with a degradation time of 300 min.     

A Simple Intervention to Reduce Framing Effects in Perceptions of Global Climate Change

This paper explores a technique for mitigating framing effects in perceptions of global climate change. People's opinions on issues ranging from same sex marriage and the environment to free speech and health care have been shown to be influenced by the way in which the issue is presented: the metaphors, images, and catchphrases that communicate implicit normative messages about the issue. The work described here synthesizes insights from experimental research on moderators of framing effects and sociological research on frame reflection. Based on this synthesis, this paper describes a test of a simple highlighting technique for focusing respondents' attention on the framing operating in political materials. Results suggest that this intervention not only can reduce the opinion-shaping impact of frames but may also reduce ideological polarization. Implications include a better understanding of the mechanisms by which frames operate, techniques for making frame reflection possible among political non-elites, and recommendations for strengthening environmental groups' public communication strategies.     

安全伦理学的建构——关于安全伦理哲学研究及其领域的探讨

安全伦理学是伦理学的重要基础。安全伦理命题始终存在着道德反省与不反省两种哲学态度,后者长期以来一直占主流,使得安全伦理学的研究滞后,导致其在安全科学学科体系中“空缺”。应当看到,在处理“安全获得与财富获得”的价值关系上,需要建构安全伦理理论,树立科学的安全价值观理论,因而需要制定一套能指导和判断安全活动或行为的道德规范标准。建构安全伦理学,首先要把安全道德作为研究对象;其次根据其特殊的规范性、明显的实践性和具体的专业性等性质特点,提出一种区分安全活动的道德与不道德的原则,并决定安全伦理学的基本问题,为了保存、尊重生命,维护个体的安全权益和增进个体的自由与安全地位平等的社会正义,安全活动应该遵循那些伦理规范;最后确定出该学科的研究方法。     

云南省数字化高精度水温异常特征与映震效能

本文应用云南省“95计划”期间改造过的14个数字化高精度水温资料,对数字化改造前后的资料进行对比研究,分析其异常特征及映震效能。结果表明,数字化改造后观测质量有所提高,信息量更大,对应云南地区5级以上中强地震的能力较好。