航空结构材料环境适应性研究进展及发展方向

对航空结构材料环境适应性研究进展进行了综述,其中包括新型航空材料的环境适应性研究和环境-力学因素耦合作用对航空结构材料环境适应性的影响,最后阐述了环境适应性研究的结构化趋势,并指出了航空结构材料环境适应性研究未来将重点关注户内加速试验技术、环境适应性评价技术以及环境适应性数据的深度开发与应用,将各种科学技术和工程实践用于减缓环境对结构材料的损伤,提高装备的耐环境能力。     

Ti-MCM-41的微波水热法合成、表征及其催化氧化性质研究

本研究利用微波水热法合成Ti-MCM-41,并采用XRD、FTIR、BET、XPS及TEM等技术对材料进行表征.同时,使用甲基橙溶液作为光催化氧化的对象,对光催化剂的氧化性能进行考察.实验结果表明:利用微波水热法合成Ti-MCM-41,可将合成时间缩短至3 h,能够大大缩减反应时间并节省能源.通过在MCM-41多孔结构中掺杂钛,可明显提高其光催化活性.在酸性溶液中,Ti-MCM-41的催化氧化效率较高.XRD、FTIR、BET、XPS及TEM等表征结果表明,钛成功地掺入到了MCM-41中,并未破坏其多孔有序的结构,Ti-MCM-41同时兼具介孔材料的高比表面积和二氧化钛的光催化性能,有利于在环境污染修复上的应用.     

高硫酸盐难降解废水高温厌氧处理中限量曝气的应用及影响

由于硫酸盐还原的影响,普通高温UASB反应器处理亚硫酸盐纸浆厂排出的高硫酸盐难降解废水过程中甲烷菌活性受到了严重抑制.考虑到空气对硫化氢的吹脱和对硫化物的氧化作用可能减轻硫化物对甲烷菌的抑制,本研究在厌氧反应器中引入限量曝气措施.试验结果表明,反应器的运行稳定性和处理能力均得到大幅提高.在有机负荷提高到原来2倍的情况下,曝气后COD去除率仍有提高,从40%～50%提高到60%～70%.试验证明部分甲烷菌可以耐氧,而某些种类的水解酸化细菌则对不完全厌氧环境比较敏感.     

理性对待 稳妥操作 切实调整完善废旧物资税征政策

围绕废旧物资增值税税征管理政策调整完善工作，论述了其在废旧物资“产废”、“收废”、“利废”三大基础环节的现状及存在的问题，提出合理平衡三大环节的经济利益及打造三大环节税征链扣的建议，为切实做好废旧物资税征政策调整完善工作提供参考。     

液化危险品储罐泄漏——扩散监测及仿真预警系统

根据国家八五科技攻关专题“易燃易爆重大危险源监控及预警技术研究”技术总结报告提供的素材，通过对危险品储罐的安全状态实时监测、建立泄漏扩散预测模型及其计算机仿真装置，构成监控危险源的预警系统，为预防重大事故、保障安全生产提供技术支撑     

AN OVERVIEW OF POROUS PAVEMENT RESEARCH1

ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the economics, advantages, potential applications, and status and future research needs of porous pavements. Porous pavements are an available storm water management technique which can be used on parking lots and low volume roadways in order to reduce both storm water runoff volume and pollution. In addition, ground water recharge is enhanced. Also, cost reductions result due to elimination of curbs, drains, and small sized storm sewers. Porous asphalt pavements consist of a relatively thin course of open graded asphalt mix over a deep base of large size crushed stones. Water can be stored in the crushed stone base until it can percolate into the subbase or drain laterally. Other porous pavement types include concrete lattice blocks and a porous concrete mix.     

COST ANALYSIS OF WATER AND WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES1

ABSTRACT: Mathematical modeling techniques are used to develop predictive equations for cost of water and waste water treatment processes in developing countries utilizing socioeconomic, environmental, and technological indicators. Predictive equations are developed for each of the three regions (Africa, Asia, and Latin America) for construction, operation, and maintenance costs of slow sand filter, rapid sand filter, stabilization lagoon, aerated lagoon, activated sludge, and trickling filter. Data analysis indicated that cost of water treatment processes is a function of technological indicator (percentage of imported materials), population, and the design capacity. The variables which gave the best correlation for waste water treatment cost were population, design flow, and the percentage of imported waste water disposal materials.     

Risk analysis for road and rail transport of hazardous materials: a simplified approach

A simplified approach to transportation risk analysis for road and rail transport of dangerous goods is proposed, which is based on the use of a product databank, containing the impact areas for a number of pre-selected accidental scenarios, and on the selection of a few typical average values of the involved parameters, relevant to the type of transport activity and to the route. Such an approach enables also a non-specialist to very rapidly perform a transportation risk analysis, obtaining both individual and societal risk measures for the study case(s): the results may be used to support a decision making process, and/or as a basis for a more in deep analysis.     

纳米储氢材料贮存使用安全评估方法研究

储氢材料贮存使用的安全可靠性是安全工程和可靠性领域中的特殊问题 ,纳米储氢材料的使用 ,其安全性和贮存可靠性同时占有重要地位。笔者依据纳米储氢材料使用和在正常贮存状态下的失效特点 ,应用Poisson过程理论建立纳米储氢材料使用和贮存安全性评估数学模型和统计分析方法 ,给出了在一定置信度下纳米储氢材料贮存寿命与可靠度之间的关系表达式。为纳米储氢材料和新型能源材料研究和使用等提供了理论基础和应用控制的方法。     

Calculation of the stability criterion in the reaction of energetic materials

The stability in the energetic materials' thermal decomposition reaction is developed from both transient mass and heat transfer equations simultaneously. The derived equation is the sufficient and necessary condition for the reaction system's stability, which was expressed as:

In this stability equation, a modified Semenov number φ is the expressed function of three kinetic parameters, i.e., n, and β and two variables, i.e., x and θ, respectively. A reaction system is stable if its evaluated modified Semenov number satisfies this stability criterion. In the case of the minimum modified Semenov number φ_m, we can deduce the stability equation at critical condition as

The criteria of stability for the explosives TNT, RDX, PETN and HMX were evaluated using this formula, which was expressed θ_c as function of x at given n, η and various β as parameters.