烟草下脚料发酵制取乙醇

通过单因素实验考察了硫酸浓度、固液比和水解时间对硫酸水解的影响。结果显示最优条件为：硫酸浓度为50%（w/w）,固液比为10%（w/v）,时间为100 min。烟草下脚料在最佳硫酸水解条件下,经5倍稀释,中和pH值至5～6。取经过滤后的水解液（FH）用酿酒酵母（Sacchharomyces cerevisiae）发酵产生乙醇,最大的乙醇浓度和乙醇产量分别为1.09g/L和54.5 g/kg。未过滤水解液（UFH,包括水解残渣）加入纤维素酶（70 U/100 mL）和酿酒酵母（Sacchharomyces cerevisiae）进行发酵,最大的乙醇浓度和乙醇产量分别为1.23 g/L和61.5 g/kg。     

复合沸石滤料的制备及其性能测试

以活化后的天然斜发沸石为主要原料,添加粘合剂、成孔剂等制备出孔隙率高、比表面积大的球型复合沸石滤料。通过正交实验得到最优工艺组合条件为ω沸石粉∶ω粘合剂∶ω成孔剂=55%∶35%∶10%,活化温度为150℃,活化时间为3 h。制备的成品堆积密度为674 kg/m3,筒压强度为4.32 MPa,显气孔率59.02%。较陶粒相比,该滤料用于曝气生物滤池在挂膜启动与稳定运行阶段,均具有较高的氨氮去除效果,且挂膜微生物量高,更适宜作为曝气生物滤池的载体。     

基于模糊聚类的应急物资分类储备研究

对品种繁多的应急物资进行分类是科学储备应急物资的前提和基础。以应急物资的自然属性和社会属性以及突发事件的应急需求为基础,从应急物资的有效使用期限、用途、生产周期、价格、市场流通量、社会集中拥有量、突发事件的预计需求量和需求层次8个方面建立应急物资的分类指标体系;采用模糊聚类的方法对应急物资进行分类,并用经验正交函数方法确定应急物资的最佳分类数量;最后探讨了每一类应急物资的储备模式,为应急物资的科学储备提供借鉴。     

中国液态生物质燃料产业发展的间接社会收益分析

液态生物质燃料在发展过程中具有外部性,体现出的间接社会收益应得到中国政府的重视,也是该产业扩大发展的重要依据。提出液态生物质燃料产业发展的间接社会收益概念,分析该产业在原料搜集和种植、产品消费等过程中产生的额外经济价值,以度量对改善生态环境的直接作用。在分析生物质燃料原料分布和理清原料搜集的细节后,利用直接市场法测算了未来20年中国发展液态生物质燃料的间接社会收益,发现：到2015年,来自该产业的间接社会收益将达1 000亿元以上,到2030年将突破1万亿元。巨大的社会经济价值从另一个侧面折射出液态生物质燃料产业发展的必要性     

Dissolution of beryllium in artificial lung alveolar macrophage phagolysosomal fluid

Dissolution of a lung burden of poorly soluble beryllium particles is hypothesized to be necessary for development of chronic beryllium lung disease (CBD) in humans. As such, particle dissolution rate must be sufficient to activate the lung immune response and dissolution lifetime sufficient to maintain chronic inflammation for months to years to support development of disease. The purpose of this research was to investigate the hypothesis that poorly soluble beryllium compounds release ions via dissolution in lung fluid. Dissolution kinetics of 17 poorly soluble particulate beryllium materials that span extraction through ceramics machining (ores, hydroxide, metal, copper-beryllium [CuBe] fume, oxides) and three CuBe alloy reference materials (chips, solid block) were measured over 31 d using artificial lung alveolar macrophage phagolysosomal fluid (pH 4.5). Differences in beryllium-containing particle physicochemical properties translated into differences in dissolution rates and lifetimes in artificial phagolysosomal fluid. Among all materials, dissolution rate constant values ranged from 10⁻⁵ to 10⁻¹⁰ g cm⁻² d⁻¹ and half-times ranged from tens to thousands of days. The presence of magnesium trisilicate in some beryllium oxide materials may have slowed dissolution rates. Materials associated with elevated prevalence of CBD had faster beryllium dissolution rates [10⁻⁷-10⁻⁸ g cm⁻² d⁻¹] than materials not associated with elevated prevalence (p < 0.05).     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Effect of cement content and recycled rubber particle size on the performance of rubber-modified concrete

According to the Rubber Manufacturer’s Association, the United States generated 3664 thousand metric tons of scrap tires in 2015. While most waste tires are repurposed, approximately 409.5 thousand metric tons were disposed in landfills. This study investigates an alternative use of the waste tires as a replacement of natural aggregates in concrete mixtures. This study investigated fresh concrete properties and compressive strength. Different coarse and fine aggregate rubber particle sizes were evaluated: 19-mm tire chips (TCs) and 30-mesh crumb rubber (CR). TCs were used to replace coarse aggregates, while CR was used to replace fine aggregate in the concrete mixtures in increments of 10% by volume. Concrete strength loss was reduced with a fine aggregate replacement with CR as opposed to greater losses of strength exhibited by a coarse aggregate replacement with TCs. Adequate strengths were achieved at replacement levels as high as 40% by volume with CR, whereas satisfactory strengths were achieved with only a 10% replacement of coarse aggregates with TCs. Acceptable strengths were obtained from mixtures utilizing a combination of the two rubber sizes. Cement content was observed to have greater influence on rubberized concrete compressive strength at lower rubber contents than higher levels.     

地表水中石油类红外法与紫外法测定结果的比对

进行了红外光度法与紫外分光光度法测定混合油样、闽江干流水样和内河水样中石油类的比对试验 ,试验表明 ,两法所测结果相差较大 ,以红外法所得结果较符合水体实际情况 ,提出了红外光度法测定时的注意事项     

区域性应急物资储备级库间的协同选址模型研究

鉴于我国应急物资的多部门分散管理与分散储备的特点,研究了区域性应急物资储备体系构建中的应急物资储备级库协同选址问题。为了实现应急物资在不同级库间的协同储备管理与分散优化调拨,建立了应急物资储备级库选址的协同优化模型。用启发式算法通过MATLAB编程来实现,并用算例进行了验证。     

Dilo针刺无纺滤料生产线特性分析

通过与国内针刺生产设备的对比,对进口Dilo针刺技术的优势、设备构造、自动化性能,以及产品的指标参数等进行了阐述,认为采用先进生产设备不仅能够提高企业产品的产量和质量,而且对企业自身的发展有促进作用。