论可持续发展思想对法学基础理论的影响

可持续发展思想是社会发展的必然产物 ,它必将对上层建筑产生重大影响。本文从这个意义上论述了可持续发展思想对法学基础理论的影响 ,剖析了可持续发展中环境与资源之间的相互关系 ,以期推动法理学的改革和发展 ,进而更好地保障我国可持续发展战略的顺利实施。     

广东省区域经济差距变动的实证研究

改革开放以来，伴随着广东省经济的迅速崛起，其省内地区间的经济差距也发生显著的变化。本文从广东全省总体差距、地带间差距、地带内差距三个角度对广东省内区域经济差距的变动进行分析，发现除地带内差距变化不大之外，全省总体差距与地带间差距均明显扩大，呈现出“贫者越贫、富者越富”的“马太效应”。     

加强长江流域东西部经济协作与协调发展的思考

长江流域东西部经济协作和协调发展是长江流域经济整体协调发展和西部大开发战略的重要组成部分。首先分析了长江流域东西部经济协作在政策、自然资源、产业第补性、区位等方面的潜力及突出优势、进而论述了流域东西部经济协作的现状及其存在的流域东西部地区间流通通道不畅、经济整体性差，内部联系松散、管理人才缺乏等问题，在此基础上针对性地提出现阶段流域东西协作应把合作加强基础设施建设、联合开发资源，加强生态环境保护、联手开拓市场，并对国有大中型企业进行兼并和重组、建立人才资源培训交流机制等作为协作的重要领域。同时，提出了经济协作过程中应注意的诸如协调机制的建立、流域经济协作主体的确定、政策制定及其引导、流域经济协作目标等问题。     

加强区域生态经济建设,实现可持续发展

任一生态经济区域都是更大区域的组成部分 ,区域生态经济建设既要注意区域内在的协调 ,更应关注对更大区域的环境影响。区域生态经济建设开发利用自然资源时 ,要特别处理好生态环境保护利用与经济开发利用的协调关系 ,因此 ,做好环境影响分析是区域生态经济建设的前提     

An Evaluation of Daumod Model in Estimating Urban Background Concentrations

This article presents an evaluation of the performance of the urban atmospheric dispersion model (DAUMOD) in estimating nitrogen oxides (NO_x) background concentrations in Copenhagen. Estimations of hourly average (averaged over a year), mean daily and mean monthly concentrations of NO_x are compared with observed values for two years of data. The model slightly underestimates low hourly average values and overestimates high values. The cumulative frequency distribution of mean daily concentration obtained from model estimations is in good agreement with the obtained from observed data. We performed a statistical analysis to determine the agreement between estimated and observed concentration values. The results show that 95.8% of hourly average estimations, 86.8% of mean daily and 100% of monthly average concentrations are within a factor of two of the observed values. The normalised mean square error of predictions is +0.13 for hourly average estimations, +0.22 for mean daily values and +0.02 for monthly mean concentrations. The fractional bias values are: –0.049 for hourly mean estimations, –0.047 for mean daily values and –0.053 for monthly average estimations. The values of the statistical parameters allow us to consider that though estimations are lightly larger than the observed values, the model performance is acceptable.     

上海市近地面臭氧污染的健康影响评价

根据2008年上海市环境保护部门的每日24h近地面臭氧监测数据,以每日最大8h(11:00～18:59)的臭氧浓度均值作为上海市居民的平均暴露水平,以该年上海市的全部常住人口作为臭氧暴露人口,计算近地面臭氧污染对上海市居民的健康影响和相关的健康经济损失.2008年上海市近地面臭氧每日最大8h的年平均水平为88μg/m3,其中市区为78μg/m3,市郊区为96μg/m3.结果表明,近地面臭氧污染可以导致上海市居民1892(95%CI:589～3540)例早逝和26049(95%CI:13371～38499)例住院,全年的归因健康经济损失为32.42(95%CI:10.80～59.23)亿元,其中由早逝引起的损失占总健康经济损失的88.12%.提示近地面臭氧污染已对上海市居民产生了较大的健康损失和经济损失.     

Inactivation of Cryptosporidium by ozone and cell ultrastructures

The fluorescence staining method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the effect of ozone (O3) inactivating Cryptosporidium in water and cell ultrastructures variation to shed light on the mechanism of inactivation preliminarily.Results indicated that O3 had a stronger inactivating capability.When the concentration of O3 was above 3.0 mg/L and the contact time was up to 7 min,a significant inactivating effect could be achieved.The turbidity on inactivation effects was also found to be statistically significant in artificial water.With increases in turbidity,the inactivating effect decreased.Inactivation rate improved with a temperature increase from 5 to 25°C,but decreased beyond this.The inactivating capability of O3 was found to be stronger under acidic than that under alkalic conditions.When the concentration of organic matter in the reaction system was increased,the competition between Cryptosporidium and organics with O3 probably took place,thereby reducing the inactivation rate.In addition,the cellular morphology of Cryptosporidium varied with different contact times.At zero contact time,cells were rotundity and sphericity,at 60 sec they became folded,underwent emboly,and burst at 480 sec,the cell membrane of Cryptosporidium shrinked and collapsed completely.     

城市污水再生利用中的消毒问题研究

从保障再生水微生物安全的角度,考察了北方某污水处理厂污水处理工艺、混凝沉淀过滤工艺以及臭氧消毒对大肠杆菌和总细菌的去除效果。结果表明,污水处理厂进水中大肠杆菌数和细菌总数分别为10^5-10^9个/L和10^9-10^11个/L,经过厌氧-缺氧-好氧组合工艺处理后两者分别降为10^3-10^6个/L和10^6-10^9个/L,再经后续混凝沉淀过滤工艺（混凝剂PAC投加量：15 mg/L Al2O3）处理,再生水中大肠杆菌和细菌总数仍分别高达10^2-10^5个/L和10^5-10^8个/L。对上述再生水进行臭氧消毒批量实验,在臭氧反应量为12 mg/L的条件下实现了对大肠杆菌的完全灭活,此时臭氧消毒运行费用为0.13元/m^3左右。     

沈阳市苏家屯区区域噪声管理措施探讨

统计2002年至2006年沈阳市苏家屯区区域噪声、功能区噪声、噪声源单位状况,对苏家屯区区域噪声污染现状进行分析,找出目前沈阳市苏家屯区对居民生活影响严重的几类区域噪声及噪声污染最严重的噪声来源。分析了苏家屯区几年来噪声治理及管理中存在的问题,并针对噪声管理存在的问题提出更加合理的噪声管理措施。     

谈规划环评中环境背景分析和影响预测的时间跨度

根据规划环境影响评价的理论和规划环境影响评价实践中得到的启示,在充分认识规划环境影响评价不仅具有空间范围,还具有时间跨度特点的基础上,探讨规划环境影响评价中考虑时间跨度的必要性,以及环境背景分析和环境影响预测中考虑时间跨度的评价和预测思路。