利用高炉水淬渣制作多孔吸声材料的研究

为了促进高炉炼铁水淬渣的二次利用,研究了以高炉炼铁水淬渣为原料,以硅微粉或水泥为粘结剂,采用压制成型方法制作的多孔吸声材料的吸声性能及力学性能。结果表明:用颗粒状的高炉炼铁水淬渣制作的多孔吸声材料具有良好的吸声性能,其平均吸声系数可以达到0.70以上;材料的抗压强度可以达到3.0 MPa以上。     

中国省际间农村居民收入结构和收入差距分析

在计算基尼系数的基础上,文章得出了改革开放以来中国省际间农村居民收入差距不断扩大的趋势,收入基尼系数从1981年的0.095一直上升到了2003年的0.181,直到近年来,收入差距才开始略有缩小。文章从收入结构的视角研究了省际间农村居民收入差距产生的原因。首先利用1983-2008年较长时期的数据分析了农村居民收入结构的变化,发现从总体上而言,中国各地区农村居民的收入结构均表现出了农业收入比重减少,非农收入比重增加的明显趋势;然后运用基尼系数的分解方法实证分析了不同收入来源对于收入差距的影响,研究发现,工资性收入是差距促增的,是目前中国省际间农村居民收入差距扩大最重要的原因,而家庭经营性收入者起着差距促减的作用,转移性收入和财产性收入的不平等程度较高,但是由于其在总收入中的比例不高,对总的收入差距影响较小。最后,文章提出了缩小省际间农村居民收入差距的政策建议。     

河北省祖山风景区崩塌灾害特征与防治对策研究

以祖山为例,阐述了崩塌地质灾害的机理、特征和现状,并利用传递系数法对崩塌稳定性进行了计算和评价,采用削方卸载、修建抗崩塌挡土墙、构筑排水沟与格构等工程设施的防治对策及工程措施,取得了预期的效果。     

Developing Mechanism of Rubber-tea-chicken Agro-forestry Model in Tropical Area of China

As a typical tropical agro-forestry ecosystem in Wenchang,Hainan Province,China,rational mechanisms of the rubber-tea-chicken eco-agricultural model were studied with the Solow technological level index,stability indicator,harmonizing coefficient,grey correlation coefficient and production dominance.This study focused on rational hierarchical structure,the limiting factors and optimal strategies of the model development based on model structure,resource conditions and external market demands.Results showed that rational mechanism of the rubber-tea-chicken ecosystem model mainly included technological contributions,leverage function of dominance component(livestock husbandry),stability of the model structure and harmony of its components,the model dominant product’s market demand and government’s supporting policies.The contributions of fund,technology,information and talent resources played an important role in improving sustainability and productivity of the agro-forestry model.     

中国农产品虚拟耕地与资源环境经济要素的时空匹配分析

计算出1999~2009年中国各地区农产品虚拟耕地与人口、水资源、耕地资源、水土流失治理以及GDP等要素的基尼系数以及全国8大区域2009年农产品虚拟耕地 资源环境经济要素的不平衡指数。结果表明：(1）我国农产品虚拟耕地与各资源环境经济要素的地域分布匹配程度都不高;其中农产品虚拟耕地与人口、耕地的地域匹配程度相对较高,与水土流失治理之间的地域匹配状况次之,与GDP和水资源的地域匹配程度相对较低;(2）我国农产品虚拟耕地与各资源环境经济要素的外部公平性不高,黄淮海地区为农产品虚拟耕地 资源环境经济要素不公平性最突出地区,其次是华南、西北和东北地区     

中国区域创新能力差异变动实证分析

区域创新能力是决定区域经济发展水平和经济增长实力的关键,在建设"创新型国家"的战略背景下,各省市越来越注重区域创新能力的建设。区域创新能力作为一个动态的发展过程,其差异在不断变化,差异可能扩大也可能缩小,区域创新能力的差异性及随时间的波动性对政府相关管理部门的决策具有重要影响。本文以发明专利申请量和大中型工业企业新产品产值衡量区域创新能力,运用Theil系数模型测算了1990-2008年间我国发明专利申请量和大中型工业企业新产品产值的区域差异变动情况。结果发现:发明专利申请量区域差异变动呈现S型曲线;大中型工业企业新产品产值区域差异变动呈现近似倒U型曲线;区间差异和东部地区内部差异在总差异中占主导地位。在此基础上,本文进一步提出了缩小我国区域创新能力差异的针对性政策建议。     

一种新型金属变摩擦耗能器的研发与应用

基于被动控制理论,提出一种新型的金属变摩擦耗能阻尼器。通过改变金属摩擦面的摩擦面积,使摩擦系数具有随位移改变而变化的特性。在金属摩擦学理论的基础上,建立了金属变摩擦耗能器的阻尼力计算模型与产品的开发。理论计算与实验数据表明:新型金属变摩擦耗能器的减震性能显著优于常规阻尼器,避免了传统阻尼装置(如油阻尼器)存在的造价高、维护复杂、易漏油的问题;克服了常规摩擦耗能器不能在不同大小荷载作用下保持同样控制效果的缺点,能做到抗震耗能器在不同荷载下保持很好的抗震效果,真正做到"小震小位移少耗能,大震大位移多耗能"的智能控制。     

Detection of tritium sorption on four soil materials

In order to measure groundwater age and design nuclear waste disposal sites, it is important to understand the sorption behavior of tritium on soils. In this study, batch tests were carried out using four soils from China: silty clays from An County and Jiangyou County in Sichuan Province, both of which could be considered candidate sites for Very Low Level Waste disposal; silty sand from Beijing; and loess from Yuci County in Shanxi Province, a typical Chinese loess region. The experimental results indicated that in these soil media, the distribution coefficient of tritium is slightly influenced by adsorption time, water/solid ratio, initial tritium specific activity, pH, and the content of humic and fulvic acids. The average distribution coefficient from all of these influencing factors was about 0.1-0.2 mL/g for the four types of soil samples. This relatively modest sorption of tritium in soils needs to be considered in fate and transport studies of tritium in the environment.     

Inhalation dose assessment of indoor radon progeny using biokinetic and dosimetric modeling and its application to Jordanian population

High indoor radon concentrations in Jordan result in internal exposures of the residents due to the inhalation of radon and its short-lived progeny. It is therefore important to quantify the annual effective dose and further the radiation risk to the radon exposure. This study describes the methodology and the biokinetic and dosimetric models used for calculation of the inhalation doses exposed to radon progeny. The regional depositions of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract were firstly calculated. For the attached progeny, the activity median aerodynamic diameters of 50 nm, 230 nm and 2500 nm were chosen to represent the nucleation, accumulation and coarse modes of the aerosol particles, respectively. For the unattached progeny, the activity median thermodynamic diameter of 1 nm was chosen to represent the free progeny nuclide in the room air. The biokinetic models developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) were used to calculate the nuclear transformations of radon progeny in the human body, and then the dosimetric model was applied to estimate the organ equivalent doses and the effective doses with the specific effective energies derived from the mathematical anthropomorphic phantoms. The dose conversion coefficient estimated in this study was 15 mSv WLM⁻¹ which was in the range of the values of 6-20 mSv WLM⁻¹ reported by other investigators. Implementing the average indoor radon concentration in Jordan, the annual effective doses were calculated to be 4.1 mSv y⁻¹ and 0.08 mSv y⁻¹ due to the inhalation of radon progeny and radon gas, respectively. The total annual effective dose estimated for Jordanian population was 4.2 mSv y⁻¹. This high annual effective dose calculated by the dosimetric approach using ICRP biokinetic and dosimetric models resulted in an increase of a factor of two in comparison to the value by epidemiological study. This phenomenon was presented by the ICRP in its new published statement on radon.